共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 62 毫秒
1.
Oliver C. Füg 《Journal of Consumer Policy》2008,31(1):45-61
The protection of underage viewers against programmes harmful to their development has been a long-standing concern in national
broadcasting systems and was recognized by the Television Without Frontiers (TWF) Directive as a fundamental issue in European
audiovisual regulation. Policy discussions accompanying the most recent reform of the Directive confirmed the need to ensure
adequate protection also in the context of on-demand services, while disagreeing over the method by which this should achieved.
This article outlines the evolving regulatory regime for the protection of minors against unsuitable programming and presents
the legislative proposals drafted by the institutions in the course of the ongoing reform process. The analysis demonstrates
that while the concern for protecting minors perseveres in the face of the new Directive’s response to audiovisual convergence,
the envisaged rules for on-demand services lead to a noticeable differentiation of the basic regulatory tier, and a concomitant
concern for the effectiveness of protection.
相似文献
Oliver C. FügEmail: |
2.
Anna Herold 《Journal of Consumer Policy》2008,31(1):5-24
The country of origin principle, the cornerstone of the EU Television Without Frontiers Directive – to become the Audiovisual
Media Services Directive – is often criticised as being insensitive to the legitimate national public interest to protect
viewers – and consumers – of audiovisual media content. This paper seeks to demystify this pessimistic perception of the country
of origin rule from the perspective of the consumer interest. It demonstrates that the possible negative repercussions of
the country of origin logic for consumer welfare are mitigated in three ways: by specific derogations possibilities foreseen
in the Directive in case of violations of the fundamental rules on protection of minors and of human dignity; through the
margin of broadcasting control left to the Member States in the areas beyond those coordinated by the Directive, and by means
of a new two-step anti-circumvention procedure introduced by the new Directive.
相似文献
Anna HeroldEmail: |
3.
Junji Xiao 《Marketing Letters》2008,19(2):171-181
This paper examines the characteristics attributed to the success of digital cameras by studying both the demand and the supply
sides of the digital-camera market. A discrete choice model is employed to investigate consumer preferences over digital camera
characteristics during the period 1996–1998. The empirical findings reveal that Sony’s ‘Easy-to-Use’ storage system contributes
significantly to Sony’s demand advantage and profitability. Also, the welfare analysis demonstrates that ‘Easy-to-Use’ attributes
significantly contribute to social welfare improvement.
相似文献
Junji XiaoEmail: |
4.
In this article, we study how multiunit service businesses locate their units, choosing between two opposite spatial strategies.
Whereas, locating one’s units close to competitors’ brings positive agglomeration externalities, locating one’s units far
away from others’ allows local monopolies through spatial differentiation. We examine location strategies of the two biggest
hamburger restaurant chains—namely McDonald’s and Quick—in Paris between 1984 and 2004. Results show that competitive standings
impact locational strategy choices. The market leader favors spatial differentiation, thus preempting premium locations. Conversely,
the challenger favors locations close to the leader, thus aiming at agglomeration externalities.
相似文献
Bernard ForguesEmail: |
5.
Knowledge spillovers and new ventures’ export orientation 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:1
We draw on the knowledge spillover literature to suggest that a country’s proportion of export-oriented new ventures represents
an outcome of knowledge spillovers that stem from foreign direct investment (FDI) and international trade (export spillovers)
as well as a source of knowledge spillovers (entrepreneurship spillovers). To test the hypotheses, we use macrolevel data
from 34 countries during the period 2002–2005. We find that the relationship between FDI and international trade on the one
hand and a country’s proportion of export-oriented new ventures on the other differs for higher- and lower-income countries.
In addition, a country’s proportion of export-oriented new ventures affects the subsequent emergence of new businesses.
相似文献
André van StelEmail: |
6.
José Ignacio López-Sánchez José Luis Arroyo-Barrigüete Domingo Ribeiro 《Service Business》2008,2(2):83-98
The objective of this paper is to propose a new model of competence in presence of network effects. We will introduce some
modifications in the Lotka-Volterra model, in order to solve its deficiencies. The main improvement is to introduce a modification
of Metcalfe’s Law, what allow us to reflect the effect of congestion externalities. The model’s validation, developed by numerical
simulation, confirms that its behaviour is quite similar to that observed in real markets.
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Domingo RibeiroEmail: |
7.
Rafik Z. Elias 《Journal of Business Ethics》2009,86(2):199-209
College cheating represents a major ethical problem facing students and educators, especially in colleges of business. The
current study surveys 666 business students in three universities to examine potential determinants of cheating perceptions.
Anti-intellectualism refers to a student’s negative view of the value and importance of intellectual pursuits and critical
thinking. Academic self-efficacy refers to a student’s belief in one’s ability to accomplish an academic task. As hypothesized,
students high in anti-intellectualism attitudes and those with low academic self-efficacy were least likely to perceive college
cheating as unethical. Considering that college cheating has been found as a predictor of workplace cheating, the results
urge business instructors to reduce anti-intellectualism among students and to encourage them to put forth their best efforts.
The results also serve employers by focusing attention on these two psychological variables during the hiring and promotion
processes.
相似文献
Rafik Z. EliasEmail: |
8.
This study examines the notion of ‹spirituality’ as a dimension of human self, and its relevance and role in management. Major
thesis of this research is that spirituality of employees is reflected in work climate. This may in turn affect the employees’
service to the customers. In the first part of the study a Spiritual Climate Inventory is developed and validated with the
data from manufacturing and service sector employees. In the later part, hypothesis of positive impact of spiritual climate
on customers’ experience of employees’ service is examined and found to be substantiated empirically.
相似文献
A. P. AroraEmail: |
9.
When auction meets fixed price: a theoretical and empirical examination of buy-it-now auctions 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Recently fixed pricing and auctions have been brought together in a new pricing format that offers bidders the option of prematurely
ending an auction at a fixed price. The growing popularity of auctions presents an interesting pricing decision for managers:
whether to sell at a fixed price, in a regular auction, or through a buy-it-now auction. This paper studies eBay’s buy-it-now
auction and answers the following research questions: why is fixed price used at traditional auctions, will buy-it-now increase
the seller’s profit, how is an optimal price determined, and how is the buy-it-now decision influenced by key factors such
as the customer’s cost of participating in the auction, the seller’s reserve price, and the number of potential customers.
Our results show that when customers make endogenous participation decisions according to their participation costs, buy-it-now
auctions can increase both customers’ utility and sellers’ profit. Endogenous participation has important implications for
seller’s pricing decisions such as price formats and levels. Depending on the level of the posted price, the resulting price
format could be either fixed price, buy-it-now auction or pure auction. Therefore, the seller needs to be careful and take
into account market conditions when posting a price at auctions. We empirically test the model assumptions and predictions
using data collected from eBay.
Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
相似文献
Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Kannan SrinivasanEmail: |
10.
Amandine Garde 《Journal of Consumer Policy》2008,31(1):25-44
When the Television Without Frontiers Directive (TVWF Directive) was first adopted in 1989, there was very little discussion
on how food advertising should be regulated at Community level. However, things have changed as a result of rising levels
of obesity in all EU Member States. Consequently, several stakeholders have suggested that the advertising of unhealthy food
to children should be restricted. This article analyses whether and how, bearing the obesity epidemic in mind, the European
Union could regulate the marketing of food high in fat, sugar and salt to children (HFSS food). It starts by presenting the
evidence supporting such regulation. It then focuses on the contribution which the TVWF Directive and the Audiovisual Media
Services Directive (AVMS Directive) could make to the debate. It finally looks at the broader regulatory framework by discussing
their relationship with other instruments of Community law relating to food advertising, and in particular the Unfair Commercial
Practices Directive (UCP Directive) and the recently adopted Regulation on nutrition and health claims made on foods.
相似文献
Amandine GardeEmail: |
11.
Simon Tormey 《Journal of Consumer Policy》2007,30(3):263-280
This paper makes the case for regarding political consumption and more generally individual collective action as an instance
of “everyday resistance.” In doing so it seeks to make connection with the political case against representative politics,
one that stretches back to the origins of “official” politics at the start of the 19th century. Three moments in the history
of the idea of everyday resistance are presented: Max Stirner’s egoistic individualism, Leo Tolstoy’s critique of violence,
and Agnes Heller’s evocation of the everyday as a site of civic courage. The examples show the longevity and persistence in
political thought of the idea of the individual as the locus of social power, one that puts it at odds with the normative
assumptions of theories of representation. They also show the dangers of assuming that individual collective action can unproblematically
be considered a form of participation in democratic processes as opposed to a resistance against incorporation into mainstream
or “official” politics. Rights which are often at the core of efforts of activists become remodelled as a weapon of contingent
“everyday” struggles as opposed to a universal or transcendentally posited phenomenon.
相似文献
Simon TormeyEmail: |
12.
Innovation in SMEs exhibits some peculiar features that most traditional indicators of innovation activity do not capture.
Therefore, in this paper, we develop a structural model of innovation that incorporates information on innovation success
from firm surveys along with the usual R&D expenditures and productivity measures. We then apply the model to data on Italian
SMEs from the “Survey on Manufacturing Firms” conducted by Mediocredito-Capitalia covering the period 1995–2003. The model
is estimated in steps, following the logic of firms’ decisions and outcomes. We find that international competition fosters
R&D intensity, especially for high-tech firms. Firm size and R&D intensity, along with investment in equipment, enhances the
likelihood of having both process and product innovation. Both these kinds of innovation have a positive impact on firm’s
productivity, especially process innovation. Among SMEs, larger and older firms seem to be less productive.
相似文献
Jacques MairesseEmail: |
13.
Lucie Guibault 《Journal of Consumer Policy》2008,31(4):409-423
The current methods of distributing music and film on the mass-market, either off-line or on-line, raise two types of consumer
protection issues. First, consumers are not always in a position to know what they can and cannot do with their digital hardware
and content. A lack of proper information and the ensuing failure of the products to meet the consumer’s expectations inevitably
leads to discontent. In addition, as weaker party in the transaction, consumers have often no other choice but to accept or
refuse the restrictive terms of use, even if these could be regarded as unfair. This paper examines whether European law is
amenable to accommodate the iConsumer’s needs, and if so, in what form.
相似文献
Lucie GuibaultEmail: |
14.
On the basis of the bidding history of a panel of new eBay bidders, we examine the impact of different types of experiences
on bidding behavior evolution. Accounting for unobserved bidder heterogeneity, the results indicate that losing experiences
make the bidders’ bidding behavior evolve toward the normative predictions of auction theory, in that they submit fewer bids
and bid later. Winning experiences, however, do not have such an effect. Moreover, the experience effect pertains to the bidder’s
entire previous bidding experience regardless of product categories. We also assess the potential bias introduced by using
feedback ratings (compared with actual participation) as experience measures.
相似文献
Ye HuEmail: |
15.
Jeff Hearn Marjut Jyrkinen Rebecca Piekkari Eeva Oinonen 《Journal of Business Ethics》2008,83(1):41-54
This article addresses the intersections, even blurrings, of two “homes” and two “aways” – the personal, ‹private’ home and
the corporate ‹public’ ‹away’, and the national home country and corporate base and the transnational work away. Drawing on
40 semi-structured interviews with women and men top and middle managers in seven multinational corporations located in Finland,
we examine the complex relations among transnational managerial work, corporate careers and personal, marriage and family-type
relations, and their differences for women and men managers. This shows the very different personal and social worlds inhabited
by senior women and men managers, and how transnational processes can make those differences even greater.
相似文献
Eeva OinonenEmail: |
16.
Lihong Yun 《Journal of Industry, Competition and Trade》2008,8(2):147-167
Controlling firms’ sales in the labour demand model, this paper investigates effects of trade and R&D via technical progress
on labour demand in a dynamic framework, based on a panel of Swedish manufacturing firms for 1990s. The main results of this
study indicate that employment elasticities with respect to different characteristics of firms (wages, total sales, exports
and R&D efforts) and industrial import penetration could vary across respective skilled sectors. There is some indication
to that import penetration from fourteen ‘old members’ of European Union could induce capital-saving technical progress and
result in the rise in demand for labour for firms in medium-low skilled sector, whilst those from the ten ‘new members’ of
European Union could induce x-efficiency and labour-saving technical progress for firms in low-skilled sector. Furthermore, the effects of R&D intensity
on demand for labour are positive and significant for firms in medium-high-skilled and high-skilled sectors.
相似文献
Lihong YunEmail: |
17.
Exporters’ performance in a given market may affect their exports to the rest of the world. Importers base their future transaction
decisions upon the information revealed by exporter’s performance in other countries. This paper estimates significant effects
from these information spillovers on the export patterns of fourteen developing countries, and somewhat smaller effects for
a sample of exporters from six developed countries. On the other hand, it is in developed countries’ markets that the largest
information spillovers are generated. Indeed, increases in market share in the United States allows for significant increases
in exports to the rest-of-the world associated with information spillovers. But developing country markets could also generate
important amounts of information for regional exporters. Hong Kong is the top market in terms of generating information for
other East Asian exporters, and the Argentinean and Chilean markets play an important role for exporters from other Latin
American countries.
相似文献
Marcelo OlarreagaEmail: |
18.
Defending Gibrat’s Law as a long-run regularity 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
According to Gibrat’s Law of Proportionate Effect, the growth rate of a given firm is independent of its size at the beginning
of the period examined. While earlier studies tended to confirm the Law, more recent research generally rejects it. This article
reconciles these two streams of literature, taking into account the role of market selection and learning in reshaping a given
population of firms through time. Consistently with previous studies, we find that Gibrat’s Law has to be rejected ex ante,
since smaller firms tend to grow faster than their larger counterparts. However, a significant convergence toward Gibrat-like
behavior can be detected ex post. This finding is an indication that market selection “cleans” the original population of
firms, so that the resulting industrial “core” does not depart from a Gibrat-like pattern of growth. From a theoretical point
of view, this result is consistent with those models based on passive and active learning, and can be seen as a defense of
the validity of the Law in the long-run.
相似文献
Marco VivarelliEmail: |
19.
Several critics have reopened the continuing debate regarding the credibility of the auditing profession in part because of
auditors’ reluctance to issue warning signals to investors. At the root of auditors’ lack of independence issues are conflicts
of interest resulting from the structural features of auditor–client relationship. The Throughput Model (TP) is advanced to
illustrate how ethical issues may be influenced by conflicts of interest. In the first stage, the TP provides an isolation
of auditors’ ethical positions from six ethical different perspectives. In the second stage, previous TP theory is built upon
by arguing a simultaneous analysis of how conflicts of interests may induce auditors’ behavior. We conclude that in the current
low litigation risk environment, auditors’ ethical behavior (both conscious and unconscious) is clearly ‹unbalanced’ favoring
the reluctance to issue warning signals. Finally, we offer a discussion of potential solutions to improve ethical issues.
相似文献
José A. GonzaloEmail: |
20.
Rex Chen PhD Candidate Prof. Kenneth L. Kraemer Prakul Sharma 《Business & Information Systems Engineering》2009,1(1):53-61
In only ten years, Google has achieved remarkable success from online search-based advertising. Its search engine is dominant,
and its IT infrastructure is the most powerful computing system in the world running on over one million computers and serving
more than one billion users globally. Google makes money by using its search engine to deliver online advertising alongside
responses to user searches for information, goods, maps, directions, and a host of other services. Its capabilities make it
likely to become the world’s first information utility – a concept similar to electric utilities that provide services to
many corporations and individuals alike. Constant innovation is the key to Google’s success and offers lessons for other companies:
hire talented people, have them work in small teams, and give them freedom to excel, but use a rigorous data-based approach
to evaluating results and making course adjustments.
相似文献
Kenneth L. KraemerEmail: |