Valuing spatial accessibility to retailing: A case study of the single family housing market in Hillsboro,Oregon

Recently, urban planners in the US have been working to encourage Location Efficient Developments that enhance residential spatial accessibility to retailing. In this paper, we explore how spatial accessibility to retailing is valued by households in a single family housing market. We first use Geographic Information Systems (GIS) to develop an Accessibility Index which measures single family residential units’ accessibility to retail stores. We show that our Index can measure accessibility in a more thorough way than previous measures. We then incorporate this Index into a hedonic price analysis evaluating the effects of enhanced access to retailing in a single family housing market in the City of Hillsboro, Oregon. We find that greater spatial accessibility to retailing is capitalized into residential property values. However, we also conclude that amenity effects associated with nearby retail stores diminish when a store is too close to adjacent residences.     

The stock of external sovereign debt: Can we take the data at ‘face value’?

The stock of sovereign debt is typically measured at face value. Defined as the undiscounted sum of future principal repayments, face values are misleading when debts are issued with different contractual forms or maturities. In this paper, we construct alternative measures of the stock of external sovereign debt for 100 developing countries from 1979 through 2006 that correct for differences in contractual form and maturity. We show that our alternative measures: (1) paint a very different quantitative, and in some cases also qualitative, picture of the stock of developing country external sovereign debt; (2) often invert rankings of indebtedness across countries, which historically defined eligibility for debt forgiveness; (3) indicate that the empirical performance of the benchmark quantitative model of sovereign debt deteriorates by roughly 50% once model-consistent measures of debt are used; (4) show how the spread of aggregation clauses in debt contracts that award creditors voting power in proportion to the contractual face value may introduce inefficiencies into the process of restructuring sovereign debts; and (5) illustrate how countries have manipulated their debt issuance to meet fiscal targets written in terms of face values.     

对我国房地产市场宏观调控政策的分析与建议

我国房地产调控政策的阶段性特征,主要体现在三个阶段,即严控土地供给、重点抑制房价、全面治理房地产市场等方面。我国在房地产调控政策方面应完善土地市场制度,理顺地方政府与房地产开发企业之间的关系,采取适当的经济手段。避免行政手段对市场机制的过多干预,正确引导市场预期,采取适当措施解决低收入群体的住房需要。     

对我国房地产市场宏观调控政策的分析与建议

我国房地产调控政策的阶段性特征,主要体现在三个阶段,即严控土地供给、重点抑制房价、全面治理房地产市场等方面。我国在房地产调控政策方面应完善土地市场制度,理顺地方政府与房地产开发企业之间的关系,采取适当的经济手段,避免行政手段对市场机制的过多干预,正确引导市场预期,采取适当措施解决低收入群体的住房需要。     

The Long-run Demand for Housing,the Housing Glut,and the Implications for the Financial Crisis

I estimate the long-run demand for housing to be, at most, 1.6 million units per year. This compares to housing starts of two million in 2004 and again in 2005. This overbuilding is the primary cause of the current housing glut, which I estimate to be between 1.24 and 1.72 million units. It will thus take several years for the excess vacant units to be fully absorbed. This housing glut needs to be quantified because it is the primary cause of the downward spiral in housing prices. I argue that overbuilding aggravates economic instability considerably. I suggest that Federal Reserve forecasters develop estimates of the long-run demand for housing, and that these be considered in implementing monetary policy.     

论公共住宅金融的经济基础

住宅供给包括优质住宅供给和普通住宅供给,优质住宅供给刚性强,普通住宅供给弹性大。普通住宅成本最低,也是住宅保障的主要依靠对象。公共住宅金融源于消费者市场支付能力的不足,但囿于公共住宅金融的价值属性,公共住宅金融并不能弥补消费者支付能力的永久不足,只能弥补消费者支付能力的暂时不足。公共住宅金融只有将劳动力价值作为自己发展的经济基础,才能确保公共住宅金融的稳健运行,才能突破西方公共住宅金融的历史局限性。     

Determinants of Benefits in the Retail Payments Market: Evidence from Russian Consumers

Abstract

This study identifies the determinants of consumer benefits values in the retail payments market. Using a mix of quantitative (nation-wide representative survey of 1500 individuals) and qualitative inputs (8 focus groups and 32 in-depth interviews), this study finds robust evidence which supports the importance of internal and external user characteristics for the benefits value explanation. Other factors exhibit partial or no correlation with benefits values. Total welfare is efficiently distributed across the market. Findings imply new factors affecting consumer behavior in the retail payments market and suggest a basis for the reassessment of marketing and regulatory strategies.     

Development and validation of a firm-level vertical and horizontal internationalization metric

The lack of valid and reliable measures of firm-level vertical and horizontal internationalization is impeding the development and testing of hypothesized relationships between these respective dimensions of internationalization and a range of important MNE characteristics, actions, and effects. Through a series of qualitative and quantitative studies using data collected from senior MNE executives (total N?=?3,146), we develop and validate a scale to measure both vertical and horizontal firm-level internationalization. Subscales for each type of internationalization prove to be unidimensional, reliable, temporally stable, and to have predictive, cross-cultural, cross-sectoral, and discriminant validity.     

Fuzzy evaluation of risk management profiles disclosed in corporate annual reports

The most common measures of risk have traditionally been based on quantitative financial and accounting information. However, new information on risk management disclosed in companies' annual reports is generally qualitative or linguistic. As such, exploitation by decision makers becomes difficult. In this study, a fuzzy analysis approach is applied to risk information disclosed by 217 firms listed on the Toronto Stock Exchange. The results provide some evidence that these fuzzy measures are reasonable proxies for traditional financial and accounting measures. They also show that fuzzy measures can predict a significant amount of systematic risk. Copyright © 2008 ASAC. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Housing Tenure Status and Housing Satisfaction

Increased knowledge concerning the determinants of perceived consumer satisfaction with housing would permit a more sensitive response to demand in private markets and in the design of government programs to improve the supply of housing. In this study the probability of reporting satisfaction with housing was examined for those who live in single-family homes, duplexes, apartments and mobile homes and for renters and owners. Findings include: (1) housing characteristics were more important determinants of housing satisfaction than the demographic characteristics of housing occupants, (2) mobile-home dwellers were the least likely to be satisfied with their homes, and (3) apartment and duplex dwellers had similar preferences for housing characteristics.     

Trends in Advertising Research: A Longitudinal Analysis of Leading Advertising,Marketing, and Communication Journals, 1980 to 2010

This study provides a longitudinal content analysis of advertising research articles in 17 top-tier advertising, marketing, and communication journals published over the past 30 years (1980–2010, n = 926). The study's purpose is to shed light on the direction and progression of advertising as an academic field by updating and extending Yale and Gilly's (1988) study of advertising research trends. Nine content characteristics of the journal articles were examined: (1) theory presence (theory driven versus not theory driven), (2) names, types (theory versus theoretical framework/model versus construct), and originating disciplines of theory, (3) topic areas, (4) media of interest, (5) research approaches (empirical versus nonempirical and quantitative versus qualitative versus mixed), (6) methods, (7) types of effects, (8) units of analysis, and (9) research implications. Changes in the content characteristics of journal articles were found across the 30 years analyzed in five-year intervals. Implications for the field, scholars, and advertising practitioners are discussed.     

企业核心竞争力多层次灰色评价模型的构建

定性与定量相结合法适合对企业核心竞争力进行评价。灰色评价法能将定性分析与定量分析相结合。企业核心竞争力具有灰色系统的特征,运用灰色评价法比较合适。通过对企业核心竞争力评价指标体系的建立,运用多层次灰色评价法构建企业核心竞争力评价模型。     

The information needs of prospective homebuyers: an exploratory study of apartment purchases in Finland

Ultimately, the search for housing depends on information about the housing market and individual apartments for sale. The housing search process gives rise to diverse information needs. Their nature is elaborated in an exploratory study drawing on interviews conducted with 16 Finnish homebuyers in 2008. The data were analysed by means of qualitative content analysis. The constant comparative approach was utilized to capture the nuances of information needs experienced at three major phases of the housing search process. At the phase of orientation to the housing market and identifying vacancies, the information needs covered a broad area including the supply of relevant apartments in preferred districts and the realistic funding opportunities. The temporal frame within which these needs were experienced was fairly broad. At the phase of assessing vacancies, the information needs became more specific and the temporal frame narrower, since the needs primarily dealt with concrete issues such as the renovation requirements of the apartment. Finally, at the phase of bid formation, information needs were mainly related to the determination of the proper price level and the optimal timing of the price bid.     

Mature Consumer Awareness and Attitudes Toward Retirement Housing and Long-Term Care Alternatives

The retirement housing and long-term care industries have been responding to the needs of aging consumers by developing a wide range of housing facilities and personal care services. The increasing variety of long-term care options is expected to better satisfy the heterogeneous needs of older consumers. Results of a national study and qualitative research suggest that many present and potential consumers of supportive housing and long-term care services do not have a good understanding of these offerings. Many are unaware of the alternatives available. Mature consumers often perceive all long-term care negatively as nursing homes. The proliferation in the variety of housing and long-term care services and the lack of standardization in labeling products may be contributing to the misunderstanding of various options. This misunderstanding leads to consumers not obtaining the housing and long-term care services best suited to their needs. Government agencies, consumer interest groups, and housing and long-term care providers can help to differentiate products and educate consumers to better serve their needs.     

个人住房抵押贷款的借款人风险分析

个人住房抵押贷款已逐渐成为个人买房的必由选择。对银行和借款人而言,住房消费贷款的长期风险都较高。本文对个人住房贷款中,借款人的潜在风险进行了深入分析,并联系当前实际提出相应的控制、防范风险的措施。     

加拿大公共住房PPPs模式实践与启示

PPPs模式被世界上许多国家应用于公共住房建设领域,为增加公共住房供给提供了一条新的途径。选择加拿大三个PPPs模式的公共住房建设案例,从供给对象、参与主体、资金来源、运营与管理等方面进行比较,归纳加拿大住房PPPs模式的特征,指出加拿大住房PPPs模式对我国的启示。     

The ethos of business students

Business schools are the “nurseries” of the corporate world. This article offers an empirical analysis of the business student ethos on the basis of research conducted at three Dutch universities. A theoretical framework in the tradition of virtue ethics and dubbed “moral ethology” is used to identify the values business schools convey to their students. The central research question is: What types of ethos do Dutch business students have? Forty-three undergraduate students participated in Q-methodological research, a mixed qualitative–quantitative small-sample method. Five different types of ethos were generated: Do-Good Managers, Market Managers, Searching Managers, Balancing Managers, and Radical Market Managers. Some general characteristics that apply to all the types of ethos were identified, such as the search for efficiency. It is argued that business schools should pay much more attention to the values that are endorsed in both life and business and should help students to address situations in which values are neglected.     

民营上市公司内部控制评价方法探析

传统的民营上市公司内部控制评价方法主要依赖于专业人员的主观判断从定性方面进行的评价,因而缺乏一定的科学性。为此,通过运用模糊数学理论从定量的视角出发,将民营上市公司内部控制看作是为实现内部控制目标的一系列控制点和与之相应的控制措施,进而建立数理模型进行定量评价,可以明显提高对企业评价的科学性。     

Illusions of Corporate Power:Revisiting the Relative Powers of Corporations and Governments

A common opinion is that power has shifted from states to companies. This article discusses quantitative and qualitative aspects of power possessed by companies and by states. A more adequate comparison than that between company sales and gross national product is the one between company value added and GNP. Also more adequate is the comparison between the public sector and company net profit. These rival measures take down company power to about a tenth of the sales measure. Also in qualitative terms the "exit power" of the company gives a low impact compared to governmental action and the article concludes that company power by common measures is overestimated. However, the aggregated long-term effect of the market economy on the development of society is most significant. But it is a mistake to use that judgment as an argument for the opinion that business executives are the major power holders in modern societies. Perceptions of power also have an impact on which expectations and commitments that can be judged as realistic and therefore the issue of power is central for the normative discussion about corporate social responsibility.     

我国城镇住房保障制度的发展历程及完善

住房不仅是发展资料和享受资料,同时还是重要的生存资料。为弱势群体提供适当住房,解决他们的居住问题,是住房保障制度的基本目标。本文在对我国城镇住房保障制度的发展历程系统分析的基础上,指出我国城镇住房保障制度存在的主要问题,并提出相应对策,以期构建更为科学、高效、公平的住房保障制度,从而解决中低收入居民的住房问题,实现社会的和谐发展。