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1.
This note comments on a recent article in this journal by Hollander. The principal points made are two. First, if Hollander's regressions are interpreted as representing the determinants of non-wage share of value-added, no evidence is provided by these regressions that monopsony power transfers income from factors in one industry to factors in another. Second, the interpretation of the regressions as representing the determinants of non-wage share of value-added is itself challenged. In so doing the role of capital intensity variables in these types of studies is clarified. 相似文献
2.
Abraham Hollander 《Managerial and Decision Economics》1982,3(3):157-163
An attempt is made to assess how the unionization of labor and the presence of buyers possessing monopsony power affects the distribution of income among the factors of production in Canadian manufacturing. It is found that these variables have a composite effect. They transfer income from factors of production in one industry to the factors in another. They also affect the distribution of income between labor and capital within industries. 相似文献
3.
The retail gasoline industry in both Canada and the United States experienced a significant rationalization of outlets from the late 1970s through the 1990s. We estimate the impacts of reduced outlet density by exploiting the 27% decline in retail gasoline outlets across 10 Canadian cities between 1991 and 1997. Ordinary least squares and instrumental variables estimates suggest that rationalization resulted in a significant increase in retail prices, market concentration, and average outlet sales. The decline in retail outlets led to a 9% increase in retail prices, a rise in market concentration between 16% and 22%, and a 22% increase in average outlet sales. 相似文献
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5.
Haruo Imai 《Journal of Mathematical Economics》1983,11(3):211-233
The effect of possible price control on factor income distribution under a democratic system is examined in the context of a collective bargaining model. A solution concept of the cooperative game theory called the Harsanyi-Shapley value is chosen to predict a likely outcome. The explicit solution for a non-atomic production economy, with two production factors and a fixed coefficient technology, is obtained. We find that this solution can be realized through prices. It is observed that in this solution, factor income shares respond to the ratio of the total endowments of two factors. 相似文献
6.
Noriyuki Doi 《Managerial and Decision Economics》1988,9(2):109-117
This paper examines the effects of industrial concentration, subcontract and other control variables on export behavior in Japan's manufacturing industry for 1976–80. The primary findings are: (1) concentration has a positive and significant impact on exports; (2) subcontract has a positive and significant effect on exports; (3) research and development activity has no impact on exports. 相似文献
7.
Entrepreneurship,income distribution and economic growth 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Miguel-Angel Galindo Martin María Teresa Méndez Picazo José Luis Alfaro Navarro 《The International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal》2010,6(2):131-141
Traditionally different factors and variables have been considered in the economic growth models. Following Solow’s model,
economists considered physical capital and technology during 1950s–1980s. With the introduction of endogenous growth models,
new forms of capital were introduced in the production function; human capital, public capital and more recently social capital.
However, the consideration of qualitative variables is necessary to improve the economic growth analysis. The improvement
of statistical information has favored their introduction in the economic growth models. Recently, “entrepreneurship” concept
has been considered in this type of analysis. Entrepreneurship considers the capacity and ability to create new business and
production activity. It is an activity not an occupation. Some authors like Schumpeter have included it in their models and
they have analysed its effects on economic growth. But it is also necessary to include the role of social climate, that in
a schumpterian way it could be represented by income distribution. The main objective of the paper is to analyze the relationship
between entrepreneurship, income distribution and economic growth following the ideas developed by Schumpeter and we will
contrast them from a empirical analysis using the GEM (Global Entrepreneurship Monitor) data. 相似文献
8.
In a recent paper, Majumder and Chakravarty (1990) propose a four-parameter model which they find provides a better fit to some income data than the lognormal, gamma, Singh-Maddala, Dagum, and generalized beta of the second kind (GB2) distributions. This note (1) demonstrates that the model proposed by Majumder and Chakravarty is a reparameterization of the GB2 and (2) reconciles the corresponding contradictory empirical findings reported by Majumder and Chakravarty. 相似文献
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10.
Earlier work dealing with the effects on intersectoral migration of increased productivity is extended in the light of Vislie's paper. Specifically included is the possibility of different wages in different sectors. Such differences, and changes in such wage differences, may lead to redistributions of income, which in turn open up possibilities of demand changes. Disequilibrium analysis is the principal analytical tool used, and it is suggested that not only the earlier work of Simon and Baumol but also the more recent studies by Harris-Todaro, Houthakker and Vislie can be integrated into the conceptual framework here developed. 相似文献
11.
This paper considers the combined influence of asset specificity and unionization on the firm's use of debt. While previous literature tends to examine these effects separately, we find that the interaction of the two is critical. Thus, while asset specificity may reduce debt as in Williamson (1988), the presence of a strong union offsets this. Unionization increases the firm's debt as in Bronars and Deere (1991), but asset generality diminishes this effect. We model and test the interactive nature of these two effects. Using firm-specific unionization data and various proxies for asset specificity, we find support for our model. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
12.
GEOFFREY DICKS 《Economic Outlook》1983,7(10):14-17
Manufacturing industry has been the major casualty of the recession, recording a total fall in output of about 20 per cent. It is unusual for productivity to rise when output is falling, yet in the last two years output per person employed in manufacturing has risen by 15 per cent. As a result, and in spite of earnings growth of over 25 per cent between 1980 and 1982, the increase in unit labour costs was held to under 15 per cent in the same two-year period. In this Focus we examine how and why these developments have taken place. Our general conclusion is that, with a recovery now under way, normal pro-cyclical productivity gains are reinforcing the abnormal achievements of the last two years and that, in consequence, industrial costs and profits are improving sharply. 相似文献
13.
The aim of this paper is, first, to find out the income sources of the improvement in income inequality in the reform period between 2002 and 2007. s, we aim to assess the distributional impacts of macroeconomic policies over the 2002–2007 reform period by examining the contributions of different income groups to overall inequality. Income data obtained from the Household Budget Surveys of TurkStat covering the 2002–2013 period are used. The results show that there have been significant improvements in the income distribution after 2002. The extent of this improvement seems to have been higher during the 2002–2007 reform period than for the rest of the period after 2007. Entrepreneurial and financial income groups were the most distinctive for this improvement. The results also indicate that the contribution of transfer payments was very small, but surprisingly positive in both the 2002–2007 and 2007–2009 periods, and expectedly negative in the 2009–2013 period. 相似文献
14.
In this paper, we propose a model of income dynamics which takes account of mobility both within and between jobs. The model is a hybrid of the mover‐stayer model of income dynamics and a geometric random walk. In any period, individuals face a discrete probability of ‘moving’, in which case their income is a random drawn from a stationary recurrent distribution. Otherwise, they ‘stay’ and incomes follow a geometric random walk. The model is estimated on income transition data for the United Kingdom from the British Household Panel Survey (BHPS) and provides a good explanation of observed non‐linearities in income dynamics. The steady‐state distribution of the model provides a good fit for the observed, cross‐sectional distribution of earnings. We also evaluate the impact of tertiary education on income transitions and on the long‐run distribution of incomes. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
15.
In this paper, we estimate the impacts of product market competition and skill shortages on the productivity level performance of Canadian manufacturing firms. We use firms perceptions of their competitive environment from the Statistics Canada 1999 Survey of Innovation to measure product market competition and skill shortages. We argue in the paper that such perceptions are important for productivity level performance. After controlling for other factors, we find that product market competition has a positive impact on the performance of medium-sized and large-sized firms, and that skill shortages have a negative impact on the performance of small-sized and medium-sized firms.Jel Classification: L0, O0 相似文献
16.
The firm dynamics literature has stressed productivity, size, and age effects in firm duration. Understanding the implications of financial state has largely been unexplored because of the lack of quality data on private entrant firms. This paper investigates the role of start‐up financial conditions (debt‐to‐asset ratio) on the duration of entrant manufacturing firms using a unique administrative firm‐level database called T2LEAP. The debt‐to‐asset ratio has an economically and statistically significant effect on firm hazard after controlling for usual covariates and unobserved heterogeneity. Further, a non‐monotonic relationship between firm hazard and leverage appears. Firm hazard varies positively with leverage for firms in the top two leverage quintiles, whereas hazard rates fall with leverage in the lower quintiles. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
17.
Roger L. Beck 《Managerial and Decision Economics》1981,2(1):9-15
There is no more pervasive economic doctrine than the belief that an increase in industrial concentration results in greater monopoly power and higher profits, but some recent American research contradicts that traditional hypothesis. This paper summarizes that research and presents new Canadian evidence, taking the first step toward ending Canadian dependence upon cross-section data. Time-series analysis shows that changes in concentration between 1948 and 1965 did not bring the traditionally expected changes in profit rates. Most cross-section tests with the new evidence also contradict the traditional hypothesis. These findings encourage further open-minded questioning and suggest some avenues for additional research. 相似文献
18.
《Spatial Economic Analysis》2013,8(3):237-257
Abstract The paper uses Gini decomposition analysis to evaluate changes in the spatial distribution and industry shares of total US air traffic, as well as analysing the decomposition components for individual airlines and airports for the period 1990–2002. The paper develops explicit relationships between two of the main decomposition schemes used in the income inequality literature and shows the insights that such analysis may provide for evaluation and examination of air transport networks and traffic distributions. A multi-dimensional Gini and its decomposition are derived using an adjustment method derived from the relationship between the two Gini decomposition schemes. 相似文献
19.