农村老年人代际经济反馈的影响因素分析——基于CHARLS全国基线调查数据

农村老年人代际经济反馈是本土化家庭养老研究领域的重要问题。论文运用"中国健康与养老追踪调查"(CHARLS)全国基线数据,以亲子两代分居家庭为研究对象,通过非条件logistic模型,分析了微观领域影响农村老年人代际经济反馈的因素。研究结果表明:在个体因素层面,年龄对代际经济反馈呈现正向显著性影响,受教育程度则为负向显著性影响;在家庭因素层面,子女数量以及对孙辈的投资状况等因素对农村老年人代际经济反馈存在着正向显著性影响。基于数据结果,论文提出了加强对农村高龄老年人的关注、加快农村养老制度建设以及积极提升家庭发展能力等对策。     

Mobility and the Role of Education as a Commitment Device

In closed economies, human capital investment faces a hold-up problem of excessive redistributive taxation. Increased international labor mobility, however, changes the constraints which affect optimal education and tax policy. We show that in a non-altruistic, gerontocratic world, investments in human capital which increase the mobility of the young generation can be interpreted as a commitment device overcoming the hold-up problem. This is in line with Kehoe (1989) who derives a similar result with respect to capital mobility.     

Discounting,intergenerational equity and the almost-anywhere dominance criterion

This article considers the problem of choosing amongst long-term investment programmes which have cost-benefit implications stretching over many generations. Page has argued that, in this area, the discounting criterion should be restricted to the limited role of eliminating intergenerationally inefficient programmes whilst the final choice from the programmes in the efficient set should be made using some form of equity criterion. The elimination of intergenerationally inefficient programmes in this field will usually on its own suffice to establish the final choice of programme. It then follows that alternative equity criteria, such as almost-anywhere dominance, can have a role only if they replace discounting as the decision criterion. Whether the discounting criterion is preferred as the choice criterion depends very much on whether the desired compensatory adjustments can be effected.     

Social Security with Heterogeneous Populations Subject to Demographic Shocks

In a previous paper, we showed how a pay-as-you-go social security scheme, based on voluntary contributions, can be an appropriate institution to reach an optimal sharing of risks among generations in the presence of demographic uncertainties. We study here the functioning of such schemes when there are different population strata, with different demographic shocks and wages. We show that while a collective voluntary pay-as-you-go scheme can provide efficient intergenerational risk sharing, it is likely to be destabilized by pensions funds specialized by agents' types. This is true both when there is a complete set of contingent markets, where the risk pooling capabilities of a collective fund are potentially of less interest, and when markets are incomplete. In this last circumstance, a collective fund may help the living agents to share their intragenerational risks. However, we show that the resulting allocation does not Pareto dominate the outcome of individual funds by agent types, and that there are incentives for agents to separate from any collective organization.     

Educational inequality: the widening socio‐economic gap

In this paper, we consider research on links between higher education and family background, focusing particularly on the experiences of two cohorts of individuals born in 1958 and 1970. The findings point to a rise in educational inequality during the period relevant to these two cohorts. Specifically, links between educational achievement and parental income / social class strengthened during this period. Furthermore, a person's actual (measured) ability became a poorer predictor of whether they would get a degree than was previously the case. The expansion of higher education in the UK during this period appears to have disproportionately benefited children from richer families rather than the most able. Furthermore, the labour market success or failure of individuals became more closely connected to their parents' income, revealing a fall in the extent of intergenerational mobility over time.     

弱势群体医疗救助实施效果评估——基于“城乡困难家庭社会政策支持系统建设项目”调查数据的分析

基于2015年\"中国城乡困难家庭社会政策支持系统建设项目\"的调查数据,本文对接受医疗救助家庭的基本特征及其对医疗救助的满意度、重特大疾病医疗救助满意度及其影响因素进行了分析,结果发现困难家庭遭受疾病风险高,抗疾病风险能力弱,医疗救助水平总体偏低,大病家庭受助有限,但大部分城乡困难家庭认为医疗救助作用较大,满意度高,医疗卫生服务对提高医疗救助的满意度正向作用显著;进一步通过对受助困难家庭对重特大疾病医疗救助满意度的分析,发现困难家庭对重特大疾病救助满意度不及医疗救助满意度,重特大疾病救助在涵盖病种、救助标准、审核手续、费用结算方面均有较大的可提升的空间。本文为此提出的建议是:实施精准救助和早干预措施,对于不同家庭的不同医疗需求,实施分类救助;同时要突出重点,加强大病救助;推进分级诊疗,普及基本医疗卫生服务。     

农村空巢老人代际经济支持状况及影响因素——以湖南省石门县为例

基于湖南省石门县农村地区空巢老人的调研数据,运用描述性统计分析方法,结合Logistic回归模型,考量空巢老人的代际经济支持状况及其影响因素。结果发现:农村空巢老人的代际经济支持状况以净供养型为主,其次为净抚养型与供抚平衡型;性别、年龄、自评健康状况、月收入、子女经济情况及居住状况对空巢老人代际经济支持类型具有显著影响。鉴此,可从家庭、村落与社会三级层面优化家庭代际互助模式,创新村落帮扶协助机制,完善农村养老保险制度。     

An Estimation of the Intergenerational Income Elasticity of China

Abstract:

Using 1989–2006 waves of the China Health and Nutrition Survey data, we estimate the intergenerational income elasticity (IIE) of China. We find that the lower bound of the IIE is 0.491 using the son’s latest observed income and his father’s income averaged over three periods. We use the father’s number of years of education as an instrumental variable for his permanent income to derive the upper bound of the IIE, which is 0.556. We find that the intergenerational income mobility of rural China is higher than that in urban areas.     

Family Matters: Rankings Within Fund Families and Fund Inflows

Abstract:  This paper examines the influence of the position of a fund within its family on its subsequent net-inflows. Our empirical study of the US equity mutual fund market shows that reaching a top position within the family leads to large inflows. These inflows accrue beyond those expected, given the performance of the fund in its respective market segment. The effect is much stronger in large families than in small families. We also find that inflows significantly increase if a fund moves into the top positions within its family from one year to another. These results lead to competition within the fund family and to important risk taking incentives for fund managers.     

生态文明视角下的矿产资源内涵及其价值追求

我国已有的《矿产资源法》颁布于上个世纪80年代,在立法之初更多地关注了经济利益的实现与管理。然而,片面追求经济价值的指导思想使得我们在实践中付出了巨大的社会代价和生态环境代价。党的十八大所提出的＂大力推进生态文明建设＂的战略决策,为我们重新认识并准确定位矿产资源提供了重要的契机。本文正是基于此,探析了矿产资源这一基本概念在生态文明视角下应有的内涵,突出强调了矿产资源的生态环境价值及代际价值,还原矿产资源的深层内涵,并将其与相关学科的相近概念进行区分,以求能更加全面地理解矿产资源的内涵及其价值追求。     

New development: Managing and accounting for sustainable development across generations in public services—and call for papers

Social and environmental justice across generations is a fundamental attribute of sustainable development. In this article, which is also a call for papers for a future theme in Public Money & Management (PMM), we develop our case for further research on how governments and public service organizations seek to address sustainable development in their decision-making processes. We believe that accounting for social and environmental aspects is an underdeveloped area of research and practice that is worthy of further critical enquiry. We therefore call on researchers and practitioners to submit their research to a themed issue of PMM on managing and accounting for sustainable development in public services.     

Financial fairness and conditional indexation

Collective pension contracts can generate advantages for their participants by implementing forms of risk sharing. To ensure the continuity of a collective scheme, it has to be monitored whether the contracts offered to participants are financially fair in terms of their market value. When risk sharing is implemented by means of optionalities such as conditional indexation, the analysis of financial fairness is not straightforward. In this paper, we use a stylised overlapping generations model to study financial fairness for a conditional indexation scheme. We find that financial fairness for all participants at all times is not feasible within a scheme of this type, unless the nature of indexation is such that the scheme is reduced to DC. However, financial fairness for incoming generations at the moment of entry can be realised. We show how to compute the fair contribution rate as a function of the current nominal asset/liability ratio for a given level of nominal entitlements. At low levels of the ratio, the fair contribution for incoming generations is also relatively low; nevertheless, the joining of a new generation still has a positive effect on the asset/liability ratio.     

Intergenerational Equity: Treatment of Infrastructure in New Zealand Local Government Financial Planning

This paper examines how local government authorities plan and financially provide for infrastructure while considering the needs of current and future communities. In New Zealand the Local Government Act 2002 provides a mandate for local authority planning through the requirement to publish Long Term Council Community Plans (LTCCPs). Our content analysis of the LTCCPs, annual plans and annual reports of five New Zealand local authorities reveals that these local authorities make conscious decisions about infrastructure that reflect concern for matters of intergenerational equity. They do so despite problems in relation to valuation, depreciation, deferred maintenance and financing of infrastructure assets.     

Mail accounting survey response patterns: an example of the total design method

This paper describes how questionnaire administration techniques (such as indication of institutional support for a research topic, anonymity, promise of a feedback of research results) were and can be used to enhance the patterns (quality) of response from potential respondents. It suggests that a properly designed and pretested questionnaire which incorporates an appeal for assistance, guarantees anonymity, promises a feedback of research results and advertises the support of reputable institutions, can influence response rate, response speed, and response completeness.     

略谈消费者行为的定性调查与定量调查

消费行为调查包括定性调查和定量调查。由于消费行为具体表现为品牌认知、使用行为、购买行为和品牌评价四个方面，从而消费行为的定性调查与定量调查也主要从这四个方面来进行。