Management theories linking individual and organizational level analysis in entrepreneurship research

This paper carries out a bibliographical review of the evolution of the individual level research, the new individual approaches and analyzes possible methods for the extension of entrepreneurship research to the organizational level. We also discuss about the suitability of the resource based view and network approaches. We review the management theories and paradigms which are capable of incorporating and linking individual and organizational level studies to the external context where entrepreneurs compete and seek opportunities. In this sense we refer to the resource based view and the network theory as they have been deemed the most adequate to incorporate micro level theories through a convergence of concepts, rather than by a combination or confrontation of ideas. The linking concepts of the individual and firm level theories are presented as an evolution of entrepreneurship research in a specific direction, showing the common ideas shared in the convergent point.     

Evolutionary game analysis and regulatory strategies for online group-buying based on system dynamics

The emergence of online group-buying provides a new consumption pattern for consumers in e-commerce era. However, many consumers realize that their own interests sometimes can’t be guaranteed in the group-buying market due to the lack of being regulated. This paper aims to develop effective regulation strategies for online group-buying market. To the best of our knowledge, most existing studies assume that three parties in online group-buying market, i.e. the retailer, the group-buying platform and the consumer, are perfectly rational. To better understand the decision process, in this paper, we incorporate the concept of bounded rationality into consideration. Firstly, a three-parties evolutionary game model is established to study each player’s game strategy based on bounded rationality. Secondly, the game model is simulated as a whole by adopting system dynamics to analyze its stability. Finally, theoretical analysis and extensive computational experiments are conducted to obtain the managerial insights and regulation strategies for online group-buying market. Our results clearly demonstrate that a suitable bonus-penalty measure can promote the healthy development of online group-buying market.     

阀门动态试验装置系统的研究与设计

文章论述阀门动态试验系统的主要组成及其功能,研究该阀门试验系统性能及试验方法。根据试验的需要将系统分为阀门通用项目和水锤性能两个试验段,文中对水锤试验进行了重点阐述,并给出了相关的设计计算过程。     

Employee emotions during organizational change—Towards a new research agenda

In this research note, we address the role of employee emotions during organizational change processes. While prior studies have examined emotions during a single change, such research analyzes emotions and change as snapshot events. In addition, we lack sufficient knowledge of the role of employee emotions during repeated changes, despite the evidence that organizations increasingly need to adapt to dynamic environments. We address these shortcomings and offer a research agenda on emotions during change, which incorporates the so far neglected view of emotions as processes that unfold during and across organizational changes. Specifically, we illustrate the role of employee emotions during sequential and simultaneous changes and offer six suggestions for future research on emotions in such contexts.     

Effective utility functions induced by organizational target‐based incentives

Many companies set performance targets for their divisions to decentralize the decision‐making process and communicate with outside investors. This paper analyzes the effects of performance targets on the decision‐making behavior of the divisions. We introduce the notion of an ‘effective utility function’—a function that a division should use in its selection of projects if it wishes to maximize the probability of achieving its targets. We show that many target‐based incentives induce S‐shaped utility functions and discuss the organizational problems they may pose. We then show how an organization can set targets that induce expected utility maximization. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

基于系统动力学的市场战略分析

文章通过研究市场竞争和企业创新这两个主要因素对市场占有量的影响,从而得到企业发展战略部署的一般规律,并运用系统动力学模型从市场导向的战略视角来研究企业持续发展的根本动因。     

基于ANSYS的真空玻璃激光焊接温度场分析

文章运用有限元分析软件ANSYS模拟分析真空平板玻璃激光焊接的成型过程,分析真空玻璃激光焊接过程中温度场的变化状况,找到了温度场变化的规律,即热源加载完成后,玻璃基材随热源升温的速度非常不均匀,靠近焊料的部分温度变化较大,远离焊料的部位没有变化,热量沿垂直玻璃面的Z方向温度梯度变化较大,且热量向四周对流散热量较多,向内...     

Knowledge transfer in project‐based organizations: An organizational culture perspective

This conceptual paper investigates the process of knowledge transfer in project‐based organizations from the perspective of organizational culture. The paper identifies obstacles to knowledge transfer in project‐based organizations and emphasizes the importance of organizational and project cultures in this process. The study provides some suggestions for improving knowledge transfer in project‐based organizations and notes the implications of the paper for project management.     

Developing cost management in customer–supplier relationships: three case studies

This study describes cost management development projects in three customer–supplier relationships and analyzes these projects from the perspective of relationships. Differences in suppliers’ objectives, actions taken, and results gained in the projects were found in the explorative study, although the customer's objective was the same in all cases. The use of cost information depended on the balance of power between firms, on the trust between personnel, and on the volume of the firms’ mutual business.     

基于CMX264的蜂窝电话语音保密系统设计与实现

在介绍分割频带语音加密芯片CMX264的基础上,提出了一种基于该芯片的动态语音加密系统的实际应用方案。系统采用微处理器对CMX264的密钥选择和工作状态进行控制及显示,通过CMX264集成的REXO接口与蜂窝移动电话相连接,实现了对蜂窝移动电话的语音加密。     

基于系统动力学的工程项目管理应用

文章将系统动力学的系统思考引入设计项目成本管理,分析了工程设计项目的流程与项目控制政策,为项目管理者提供一个可以模拟项目实施并预测风险的工具,为从事该领域分析的研究人员及管理者提供参考。     

基于RFID的烟花爆竹管理系统的应用

采用RFID烟花爆竹流向登记管理系统,能够实现对烟花爆竹流向信息的登记、采集和查洵,对烟花爆竹的生产和流通过程实行有效的监管。     

Application and research on the complex dynamics behaviour under price-discount promotion policy in inventory control system

In this paper, we study the inventory control system of the apparel industry supply chain in which the products are fast-fashion and mass-consuming goods. Retailers tend to promote by price-discount policy to regulate overstock situation caused by fluctuated demand, frequent product upgrading, etc. Here, we discuss the impact of fluctuated demand triggered by price-discount promotion policy on the comprehensive inventory control system in which the final inventory and supply line stock are considered and weighted differently according to corresponding practical operation situations. In this model, stock returns are permissible. Then we calculated the Lyapunov stable region of the decision parameters based on the state space model. These conclusions present the managers a big picture to inspect the inventory control system and serve as reliable references to make correct decisions.     

Simulating population development under new fertility policy in China based on system dynamics model

Fertility policy in China has been adjusted frequently in the past years by proposing innovative reformations because of various population crises. Aiming at relieving the population ageing, two-child fertility policy was implemented this year. The effect of new fertility policy is urgent to be checked. The system dynamics model is established on the basis of Song Jian population development equation, then simulation experiments are made for testing the new fertility policy. The results show that total population will peak at 1.448 billion in 2022 and reduce to 0.961 billion in 2050 under the regulation of the new fertility policy. However, population structure can only be moderate optimized, cannot be solved essentially. Furthermore, according to the comparative analyses among three different possible fertility policies, the two-child fertility policy enacted in china is verified to be reasonable. Finally, the sensitivity analysis on the willingness of having the second child of fertile women is made. Therefore, some specific measures are proposed as important suggestions for the fertility policy tracking.     

Simulation‐based tests of forward‐looking models under VAR learning dynamics

In this paper we propose a simulation‐based technique to investigate the finite sample performance of likelihood ratio (LR) tests for the nonlinear restrictions that arise when a class of forward‐looking (FL) models typically used in monetary policy analysis is evaluated with vector autoregressive (VAR) models. We consider ‘one‐shot’ tests to evaluate the FL model under the rational expectations hypothesis and sequences of tests obtained under the adaptive learning hypothesis. The analysis is based on a comparison between the unrestricted and restricted VAR likelihoods, and the p‐values associated with the LR test statistics are computed by Monte Carlo simulation. We also address the case where the variables of the FL model can be approximated as non‐stationary cointegrated processes. Application to the ‘hybrid’ New Keynesian Phillips Curve (NKPC) in the euro area shows that (i) the forward‐looking component of inflation dynamics is much larger than the backward‐looking component and (ii) the sequence of restrictions implied by the cointegrated NKPC under learning dynamics is not rejected over the monitoring period 1984–2005. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Nonparametric methods and local‐time‐based estimation for dynamic power law distributions

This paper introduces nonparametric econometric methods that characterize general power law distributions under basic stability conditions. These methods extend the literature on power laws in the social sciences in several directions. First, we show that any stationary distribution in a random growth setting is shaped entirely by two factors: the idiosyncratic volatilities and reversion rates (a measure of cross‐sectional mean reversion) for different ranks in the distribution. This result is valid regardless of how growth rates and volatilities vary across different economic agents, and hence applies to Gibrat's law and its extensions. Second, we present techniques to estimate these two factors using panel data. Third, we describe how our results imply predictability as higher‐ranked processes must on average grow more slowly than lower‐ranked processes. We employ our empirical methods using data on commodity prices and show that our techniques accurately describe the empirical distribution of relative commodity prices. We also show that rank‐based out‐of‐sample forecasts of future commodity prices outperform random‐walk forecasts at a 1‐month horizon.     

基于系统仿真的第三方物流管理教学软件应用研究

分析了第三方物流系统仿真教学软件的业务流程,同时比较了组成第三方物流系统仿真各模块的功能,深入剖析了该教学软件的应用步骤,以及其对物流学科教学的实践意义。     

Enhancing employee and organizational performance through coaching based on mystery shopper feedback: A quasi‐experimental study

Based on reinforcement theory, a quasi‐experimental design was used to evaluate the effect of (a) feedback obtained from (b) a relatively neutral third party (namely, mystery shoppers) that was obtained on a (c) variable interval schedule for managers to use to (d) coach their employees. An interrupted time‐series design showed that both employee and organizational performance increased as a result of this intervention. Performance dropped when this intervention was cut back and, subsequently, discontinued. These results were replicated in two additional restaurants. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

Residual‐based IV estimation of dynamic panel data models with fixed effects

In dynamic panel regression, when the variance ratio of individual effects to disturbance is large, the system‐GMM estimator will have large asymptotic variance and poor finite sample performance. To deal with this variance ratio problem, we propose a residual‐based instrumental variables (RIV) estimator, which uses the residual from regressing Δy_i,t?1 on as the instrument for the level equation. The RIV estimator proposed is consistent and asymptotically normal under general assumptions. More importantly, its asymptotic variance is almost unaffected by the variance ratio of individual effects to disturbance. Monte Carlo simulations show that the RIV estimator has better finite sample performance compared to alternative estimators. The RIV estimator generates less finite sample bias than difference‐GMM, system‐GMM, collapsing‐GMM and Level‐IV estimators in most cases. Under RIV estimation, the variance ratio problem is well controlled, and the empirical distribution of its t‐statistic is similar to the standard normal distribution for moderate sample sizes.