农产品品牌作用机理分析

由于农产品质量的隐蔽性导致农产品市场逆选择现象严重,使得农产品市场上出现优质农产品"买者不敢买,卖者卖不动"的尴尬局面。文章认为农产品品牌是解决农产品市场逆选择的有效方式。农产品品牌可以降低消费者购买农产品的信息收集成本和选择成本,消除消费市场的逆选择现象;可以通过降低农业企业的推介成本增加企业利润,促进企业的永续增长;也可以促进农户增加优质农产品供给,实现收入增长和可持续发展。     

现代经济增长的综合分析框架:分工-制度-品牌模型

分工带来专业化程度的提高,同时带来了交易费用的上升,因此制度经济学的制度变迁理论认为,制度安排通过降低交易费用,提高经济组织的效率,从而促进经济增长。但分工和有效制度带来的产量增加和产品多样化却会导致消费者的选择成本上升,降低消费者的选择效率,从而降低资源配置效率,使生产和消费不能保持均衡发展,妨碍了经济增长。因此,讨论现代经济增长,必须把生产效率和选择效率结合起来。而品牌和品牌品类化正是产品多样化时代能有效降低消费者选择成本的工具和手段。分工及专业化与制度及其变迁从生产或供给角度解释了生产效率对经济增长的决定作用,而品牌从需求方面解释了消费者的选择效率对经济增长的促进和拉动作用,分工-制度-品牌模型可以成为当代解释经济增长的综合分析框架。     

产业集群可持续发展机制研究——基于进化论的观点

文在生物进化论和产业集群理论的基础上,采用生物学类比研究方法,从变异、选择与遗传三个方面论述了产业集群可持续发展的生态学机制。企业基因变异能够促进集群中企业的多样化,市场选择可以对集群企业进行优胜劣汰,遗传机制的作用则在于促进优良企业基因在集群中扩散。三种机制全面协调,共同推动着产业集群发展。最后提出了促进产业集群可持续发展的有关政策建议。     

“十三五”时期我国蔬菜产业发展策略研究

"十二五"以来,我国蔬菜生产稳定发展,技术水平稳步提高;价格波动上涨,市场竞争力不断提升;出口稳定增长,贸易竞争优势日趋明显。在当前农业供给侧结构性改革背景下,蔬菜产业仍面临重大挑战。"十三五"时期,应进一步增强蔬菜产业可持续发展能力,促进市场平稳运行,推动一二三产业融合发展,提高经营主体市场把控能力,促进国际贸易稳定增长。     

逆选择和道德风险对保险供需影响的实证分析

保险市场与一般市场一样受供求规律的作用和影响,然而由于保险市场较其他市场更具有信息的不对称性,从而使保险市场上的逆选择和道德风险更为突出。在正常情况下,绝大多数消费者都是风险厌恶者,并按照效用最大化原则确定保险需求。然而逆选择和道德风险往往通过保险费率和保险公司成本等杠杆,妨碍保险市场资源的有效配置,促使劣币驱逐良币现象发生,增加交易成本,减少保险业的经营利润,导致保险需求得不到满足,保险供求难以实现均衡,影响保险业的发展。因此,研究道德风险和逆选择对完善保险制度,促进保险业发展具有重要意义。     

我国发展高新技术产业税收优惠政策存在的问题及对策研究

21世纪高新技术产业将是决定一个国家政治地位与经济实力的关键。税收优惠政策作为政府调控经济运行的有效手段,在促进高新技术产业发展中被各国政府广泛运用。实践证明,它对促进高新技术产业发展有着极为重要的推动作用。一方面税收优惠政策可以促进科研成果向现实生产力的转化;另一方面税收优惠政策可以降低高新技术企业技术进步的成本、增加收益;同时税收优惠政策还可以降低高新技术企业技术进步活动的风险。有利于高新技术产业的快速发展,促进社会经济的迅猛发展。但目前高新技术产业的税收优惠政策由于存在的问题没有发挥应有的作用。…     

创建具有“杭州特色”的品牌

品牌是商品的提供者和消费者之间最重要的沟通载体，企业的技术进步和竞争优势可以凝聚在品牌上传递给市场，品牌已经成为世界市场的通用语言，品牌已经成为企业在知识经济条件下竞争制胜的锐利武器；同时，实施品牌建设也是转变经济增长方式，优化产品结构，促进产业升级，提升城市经济综合实力和国际竞争力的重要途径。     

农产品品牌化经营战略研究

农产品品牌化经营对农业发展有很大的带动作用。农产品品牌化经营通过降低农业企业的成本来实现农业企业利润最大化,通过促进农户增加优质农产品的生产和销售来增加农民收入。     

农产品品牌化经营战略研究

农产品品牌化经营对农业发展有很大的带动作用。农产品品牌化经营通过降低农业企业的成本来实现农业企业利润最大化,通过促进农户增加优质农产品的生产和销售来增加农民收入。     

文化资本成为企业的核心竞争力

组织中存在的各种信息不对称现象,引发了逆向选择以及道德风险,导致企业内部市场资本成本增加收益降低,从而对企业的生存和发展产生了消极影响。对此,本文提出企业文化包含专有知识和制度体系两个方面,这些组织的共同意识通过降低不确定性和减少交易成本,在信息时代逐渐成为带来收益并保证可持续性的最重要资本性要素。因此,组织的文化资本可以说是当代企业的核心竞争力和本质特征。     

John Stuart Mill's Theory Of Justice

John Stuart Mill has traditionally been portrayed as self-contradictory and failing to construct a unified social theory. Recent scholarship, however, has challenged this view, finding Mill's work to be creatively synthetic in bridging the antinomies inherent in liberal democratic thought. This revisionist interpretation of Mill is advanced by an understanding of his theory of justice and its role in shaping his policy positions on issues such as welfare, education, voting rights, property rights, taxation, government intervention, and the future of capitalism.     

A Rich Vein for “Reality Mining”北大核心CSSCISSCI

Arik Hesseldahl In the aftermath of the September 11 attacks, U.S. officials quickly turned their attention to other potential targets, including California's Golden Gate Bridge. What would happen if terrorists took down the bridge between San Francisco and Marin County? How much of the region would be affected and for how long?     

John Stuart Mill's Theories of Wealth and Income Distribution

Although he was much influenced by David Ricardo when he wrote the classical part of his Principles , John Stuart Mill was not a Ricardian when he penned his theories of wealth and distribution. They are based on a triple foundation. First, a belief that economics is a moral discipline. Second a theory of custom-driven human behavior. Third, an empirically formed conviction that the institutions of state, education and business cooperate to structure the distribution of income. On the basis of these presuppositions, Mill formulated 1) an institutional theory of the formation of human and non-human wealth and 2) an even more institutional theory of distribution demonstrating how the aforementioned institutions malignantly skew the distribution of income to the advantage of the propertied classes and to the extreme disadvantage of the working class. As a social economist, Mill recommended institutional reforms designed to eradicate the poverty of the working class.     

中国养活自己能力的长期预测:技术和政策分析

中国拥有世界五分之一强的人口 ,收入又在迅速增长。因此 ,国际上很自然地会考虑或推测她在今后的几十年是否有能力养活自己。中国的人口预计将从 2 0 0 0年的 1 2 8亿增长到 2 0 2 0年的 1 4 6亿 ,和 2 0 3 0年的 1 4 9亿。与此同时 ,人均收入的增长将导致对家畜和鱼类产品更大的需求 ,因而对饲料的需求也将有很大的增长     

Toward a Phylogenetic Reconstruction of Organizational Life

Synopsis Classification is an important activity that facilitates theory development in many academic disciplines. Scholars in fields such as organizational science, management science and economics and have long recognized that classification offers an approach for ordering and understanding the diversity of organizational taxa (groups of one or more similar organizational entities). However, even the most prominent organizational classifications have limited utility, as they tend to be shaped by a specific research bias, inadequate units of analysis and a standard neoclassical economic view that does not naturally accommodate the disequilibrium dynamics of modern competition. The result is a relatively large number of individual and unconnected organizational classifications, which tend to ignore the processes of change responsible for organizational diversity. Collectively they fail to provide any sort of universal system for ordering, compiling and presenting knowledge on organizational diversity. This paper has two purposes. First, it reviews the general status of the major theoretical approaches to biological and organizational classification and compares the methods and resulting classifications derived from each approach. Definitions of key terms and a discussion on the three principal schools of biological classification (evolutionary systematics, phenetics and cladistics) are included in this review. Second, this paper aims to encourage critical thinking and debate about the use of the cladistic classification approach for inferring and representing the historical relationships underpinning organizational diversity. This involves examining the feasibility of applying the logic of common ancestry to populations of organizations. Consequently, this paper is exploratory and preparatory in style, with illustrations and assertions concerning the study and classification of organizational diversity.     

Information infrastructure: Who builds broadband networks?

This paper examines the essential difference between the U.S. and Japan, when one considers information infrastructure. There are seven perception gaps between the U.S. and Japan concerning Information Infrastructure policies. These gaps must be understood in order to compare the countries' governmental policies in this area. In looking at the present circumstances, the essential question to answer concerns who is to build, own and operate the network(s) of the infrastructure. Liberalization is certain to be a central factor in the ongoing telecommunications debates. Now that customers have had a taste of the liberalized market-place, the movement toward more open markets will be difficult to stop. When considering options, it is necessary to pay close attention to standardized network access and the increasingly important role software plays. These issues are causing us to take a new approach to the traditional role played by regulators. They also force a closer look at the appropriate structure of utility companies. This paper addresses the above issues in hopes of stimulating dialog on the new telecommunications infrastructure paradigm.     

海岛地区产业演替及资源基础分析--以舟山群岛为例

改革开放以来,舟山市产业构成发生了显著变化,其经济发展过程可以划分为三个阶段。1992年前,是以产业结构渔业占绝对地位的单一结构阶段;1993—1998年,以旅游业为主的第三产业快速发展阶段;上世纪末以来,又进入了新一轮的经济发展时期,即工业产值比重快速增加阶段。根据海岛的自然资源基础和特点,在新世纪的经济发展过程中,舟山市应定位为生态型的港口旅游城市。以港口及临港工业为主导,以海岛旅游和海洋经济为特色,大力发展第二产业和第三产业。海岛地区的主导产业应体现海岛资源优势及区位优势,以集群性环保型产业为主。同时由于海岛地区淡水资源缺乏,主导产业也应着重选择低耗水型产业。     

风险视角下企业治理结构和研发创新——基于委托代理模型的研究

本文基于委托代理模型,从风险的视角研究企业治理结构对研发创新能力的影响。本文构建了一个包含创新活动的委托代理模型进行理论分析,利用动态DEA 模型测算创新能力,并使用2015-2018年我国上市制造业企业数据进行实证检验。实证部分检验了理论结论:委托代理问题不利于企业提升研发创新能力,且客观风险和主观风险厌恶会加剧该负面影响。基于此,本文认为上市企业应根据企业自身研发活动特点有针对性地改善企业治理结构,提出了适当延长代理人任期、推动股权激励计划、提升代理人的风险承担能力等建议。     

生物群落结构原型的仿生学模拟

模拟生命系统管理规律的科学即管理仿生学,是知识时代仿生学研究的新领域与前沿.基于模拟生物群落结构规律的研究目的,采用仿生学模拟的研究方法,以生物群落结构为原型,建立了仿生群落结构模型.结论为:垂直结构、水平结构、时间结构与交错区结构是支持生物群落生命活动的结构规律,以该规律为原型,推理建立了仿生分层结构、仿生优化结构、仿生动态结构与仿生相邻结构,四种仿生结构分别侧重于管理资源的分层管理、局部优化管理、动态过程管理、相邻关系管理,该模型为建立类似生物群落的人造管理系统即仿生群落管理系统提供了仿生结构模型.可以预测,该模型具有广泛的应用价值,能够推动管理仿生学的发展.