浅议上市公司过度股权融资行为

资本市场的作用是优化资源配置、提高资金的利用效率 ,而在我国的现实中 ,却存在不计效率、过度股权融资的行为。究其原因 ,主要缘于我国经济转轨时期在市场结构、国企改制、法人治理结构及委托代理方面存在的问题。如何合理安排企业的融资结构 ,不仅关系到企业的生存与发展 ,也直接影响到我国资本市场的健康发展。政府金融监管部门、商业银行、上市公司以及广大投资者 ,在这个问题上都是利益相关者。本文针对过度股权融资行为产生的原因提出了相应的解决办法。     

上市公司过度利用股权融资的危害及其防治

融资功能是股票市场的一项重要功能。从各国股市的发展情况看．保护股市的融资功能是长期、稳定、健康地发展股市的根本。任何国家和地区都非常关心其股市的融资能力的变化,对维护其股市的融资功能都是尽心竭力的。适度融资是股市融资功能长期有效发挥作用的重要前提．过度融资则相当于杀鸡取卵,最终影响股市融资功能的正常发挥。     

划拨非流通股股权成立“补偿基金”

不仅现有的非流通股要为提高流动性作出补偿．未来将要上市的公司也要进行补偿。以市值为基准，划拨一定比例的非流通股股权成立流通股投资者补偿基金，将是一个普遍适用的“一篮子”解决方案。     

我国上市公司股权融资过度偏好的有限理性行为分析

我国上市公司具有典型的过度股权融资偏好,按照行为金融学的基本原理,我国上市公司存在股权融资过度偏好的种种非理性因素.其直接原因是我国上市公司股权融资成本偏低,间接原因则包括公司治理结构不合理、公司经理层的个人非理性行为、政策导向与制度缺陷、资本市场不完善等因素.过度偏好股权融资的行为会扭曲证券市场的资源配置功能.     

治理环境、股权制衡与股权融资成本

以2004—2006年非金融上市公司为样本,结合中国转轨经济背景,基于终极控制人视角,实证检验中国上市公司的股权制衡结构是否有助于降低其股权融资成本,进而检验股权制衡与股权融资成本的关系是否受公司终极控制人、制衡股东性质及其外部治理环境的影响。研究发现:中国上市公司股权制衡与股权融资成本虽负相关但并不显著;在终极控制人、制衡股东分属不同性质的公司中,股权制衡与股权融资成本显著负相关,而在二者分属于同一性质的公司中,股权制衡与股权融资成本呈正相关或不显著的负相关关系;进一步检验发现,上市公司所处地区的治理环境越差,股权制衡与股权融资成本的负相关关系越显著,公司股权制衡与其治理环境在影响股权融资成本方面存在显著替代效应。     

股权融资偏好亦或过度融资——来自中国上市公司再融资的经验证据

针对目前普遍认为中国上市公司偏好股权融资的观点,重新检验中国上市公司的融资行为,结果发现:如果将短期债务考虑在内,并剔除首次公开募股的影响,中国上市公司不存在股权融资偏好。进一步分析,有足够的证据表明中国上市公司的融资行为表现为典型的过度融资。     

股权融资与最佳资金结构

上市公司在发展壮大的过程中往往需要有更多的资金来配合，为满足对资金的需求，上市公司可采用的再融资方式主要包括留存收益、配股、增发新股、发行公司债券和向金融机构借款等等。融资方式多样化是上市公司相对于非上市公司所具有的优势之一。但是我国上市公司并没有发挥此优势，他们在融资时．仍主要采用股权融资单一方式，对配股和增发新股具有强烈的偏好，即上市公司中只要具备配股条件的，一般都不会放弃配股机会，力争进行配股。但是从财务管理角度来看，这是不符合现代财务管理要求的，所以，我国上市公司应该重视此项问题，在筹资过程中，应尽量使融资方式多样化，寻找最佳的资金结构。融资结构理论经过净收益理论、净营业收益理论、传统折衷理论、MM理论、平衡理论、代理理论等传统理沦以及梅耶斯等学提出了新筹资优序理论。新筹资优序理论认为：一股情况下，企业融资顺序为：首先是内部融资，     

互联网股权融资与互联网债权融资发展前景分析

对我国互联网债权融资和互联网股权融资的发展进行了分析和梳理。由于在股权和债权融资方面的不同特性,互联网股权融资和互联网债权融资均有存在的较大意义。从互联网股权融资来看,由于其高风险高收益特性,其对于初创期企业的资金支持,对于形成良好的企业发展氛围,带动大众创业热情,激发经济活力具有重要的作用。但目前来讲,互联网股权融资需要逐步解决监管缺位、合格投资者的认定标准缺失以及股权众筹平台的权利义务比较模糊等问题。而互联网债权融资本质上,认为其是中国版本的垃圾债或高收益债券,过去的互联网债权融资在解决中小企业融资难方面所发挥的重要效力,但是却忽视了风险。未来互联网债权融资在投资者筛选,P2P平台监管等方面还需不断完善,投资者教育工作也需要进一步加强。     

私募股权融资风险分析

私募股权融资作为一种新型的投融资形式,不仅可以为企业的发展提供资金的支持,而且可以依靠专家理财和咨询等优势来改善企业的治理结构和管理水平,在企业的组织结构、业务方向、财务管理、领导班子等方面提供智力支持。它与其他融资方式相比有许多优点,但高收益的背景下必然存在高风险。风险来源于企业的内外部和融资公司运营的各个阶段,所以研究私募融资的风险对融资项目的成败有重要的意义。     

Estimating cellphone providers' customer equity

This paper provides insights about how customer equity estimates can help businesses monitor the competition as well as aid managers in making their marketing investment decisions, and how companies can employ their marketing investments to maximize current and future yield/returns. The article concerns itself with the current offer of cellphone providers and their main products. The research includes survey data through interviews with 302 cellphone users of Sao Paulo, Brazil. The study uses this data combined with a number of economic assumptions and a financial marketing model to create an insight in customer equity values of cellphone providers in the region. The scenario dated October 2005 is that the estimated customer equity of the service provider Vivo is, respectively, 93 and 91% larger than those of competing providers Claro and TIM. The research underlines that on average the customer equity flowing from the post-paid segment is 3.5 times larger than that of the pre-paid. In addition to these results the study provides the customer lifetime value (CLV) estimates for Claro's, TIM's and Vivo's pre- and post-paid customers and analyzes the retention and loss figures of CLV. Also a discussion follows of the implications that these values will likely have for the companies' marketing strategy.     

Effects of family ownership and management on small business equity financing

Equity financing is important in financing growth but its special features in small business have not been well addressed in the finance or entrepreneurship literature. Since many small firms have family involvement and research shows that family firms have both advantages and disadvantages in managing agency costs, how family involvement and agency issues interact to affect equity financing in small business is an important topic of research. This study examines the effects of family ownership and management on two dimensions of small business equity financing, the use of equity financing and the use of public equity financing within the agency theory of financing. The results show that family involvement and agency issues interactively and separately influence equity financing in small business.     

浅析价值投资

本文介绍了价值投资理论的主要内容,指出了普通投资者对该理论的误解之处,并且结合中国股市的实际情况讨论了价值投资在中国应用的局限性,指出了中国股市的设计缺陷,导致股市一直无法健康发展,希望能对普通投资者有所帮助。     

中国上市公司融资偏好分析

对于现代企业而言,资本的联合是其重要特征之一,融资决策是企业决策中的一个重要组成部分。企业需要根据自己的目标和收益成本约束来选择合适的融资方式,以确定最佳的资本结构,从而使企业市场价值达到最大化。中国上市公司的实际融资偏好与发达资本市场国家融资偏好相比,有其鲜明特点,股权是企业融资首选。本文分析了这种融资秩序偏好并提出一些解决措施。     

Customer equity management as formative second-order construct

Despite intensive discussions about customer equity, little research addresses how to manage customer equity from a firm's perspective. Recent literature proposes various concepts of customer equity management but does not feature an empirical study that identifies and quantifies activities that aim explicitly to maximize customer equity. In the current study, the authors develop a formative measurement instrument for customer equity management as a second-order construct that indicates how intensively firms orient their customer management toward customer value and equity. The study presents a complete process for conceptualizing and operationalizing a formative second-order construct, including a thorough literature review, intensive qualitative research, and a quantitative study with 92 customer equity managers. On the basis of this process, the authors model customer equity management as a function of three formative dimensions - customer equity analysis, customer equity strategy, and customer equity actions - measured by several formative indicators. The resulting formative operationalization satisfies the criteria for evaluating formative indexes.     

An integrated retailer image and brand equity framework: Re-examining,extending, and restructuring retailer brand equity

Retailers are amongst the world's strongest brands, but little is known about retailer brand equity. In spite of their extensive use, we argue that current operational models are too abstract for understanding the uniqueness of the retail industry and too simplistic to understand the interrelationships among the dimensions in the retailer brand equity building process. This study contributes to the existing and largely generic retailer equity frameworks in three ways: first, by incorporating retail specific dimensions from the retailer image literature; second, by re-examining and developing the structures and relationships between the dimensions of retailer equity by testing alternative structures commonly used in the more general brand equity literature; and finally by creating a short and parsimonious scale for assessing retailer brandequity in different contexts. Three alternative models are compared and tested on six brands in both convenience and shopping goods categories, ranging from discount to middle range price levels. The outcome is an operational framework supporting the main building blocks of the conceptual brand resonance model presented in Keller (2001) with seven dimensions structured in a four-step sequence as awareness → pricing policy, customer service, product quality, physical store → retailer trust → retailer loyalty, thereby describing retailer brand equity as a four-step process. The extended, although parsimonious, 17-item retailer equity scale can be used by academics as well as practitioners to examine the underlying values of retailer brands and has the potential to incorporate additional dimensions and attributes to investigate specific retail contexts without creating lengthy questionnaires.     

我国开展融资融券业务的必要性及其对策

融资融券交易是世界股票市场广泛流行的交易方式之一,比较成熟的证券市场都允许股票信用交易,如美国、日本、韩国、西欧等国的证券交易法律都有信用交易的规定。融资融券交易之所以广泛流行,是因为这种交易对证券市场及其参与者都具有其积极的作用。尤其在中国更有其必要性。我国证券市场即将开展融资融券业务,在此情况下,研究和探讨开展融资融券业务的必要性及其对策极具现实意义。     

中国股市、银行与经济增长

通过利用经济增长指标、股市指标和金融发展水平指标,对中国股市、银行业和宏观经济数据进行实证研究发现:我国银行业发展水平和贷款率指标,对于人均实际的GDP增长具有一定的正向推动关系,而且成交额比率与人均实际GDP的增长和储蓄存款存在着反向作用。从而得出的结论是,我国银行业的发展水平对宏观经济的影响要远远强于股市的影响作用。     

The role of channel quality in customer equity management

Maximization of customer equity is a core objective of customer–company relationship management. We present an extended model of customer equity for determining the optimal allocation of marketing resources across acquisition and retention activities. Focusing on the negative relationship between acquisition and retention, we motivate channel quality as a relevant decision variable, explicate its role in the model, and demonstrate the existence of an optimal value. In addition, rather than making concavity assumptions about acquisition and retention rate response curves, we use the flexible ADBUDG model (Little, JDC, Models and Managers: the Concept of a Decision Calculus. Manag Sci 1970; 16(8): 466–484.), which allows for both S-shaped and strictly-concave relationships, and parameterize it using decision calculus. We show how to estimate and apply the model and then provide sensitivity analyses with respect to changes in the true values of model parameters as well as inaccuracy in managerial inputs. We conclude by comparing our model with extant models and discussing the implications of our research.     

Stock Market Development and Long-Run Growth in Nigeria

Abstract

The study empirically assessed the relationship between stock market development and long-run economic growth in Nigeria for the period 1980 to 2000. The study used secondary data while four models of multiple regressions were specified. The regression results, which were obtained using the Ordinary Least Square (OLS), show that measures of stock market development statistically have no significant effect on economic growth in Nigeria during the period 1980 to 2000. The major implication of the findings is that if the Nigerian Stock Market is to significantly contribute to rapid economic growth, policies must be fashioned out to eliminate those factors that blur the effectiveness of the vehicle or transmission mechanism through which stock market activities influence economic growth.

Based on the findings, it was recommended that there should be an improvement in the attractiveness of the market as a major source of raising capital. This will entail improvement in the physical infrastructure, more efficient share transfer and delivering system and provision of adequate and timely information on the market. Also, there should be improvement in the institutional regulation, environment and legal framework such that a balance is maintained between the soundness and safety of the market. And finally, there is the need to internationalize the stock market to improve the flow of savings. This willgive the market the advantages of risk diversification, improve information flow and encourage corporate control through investment in equity.