完善我国会计监管的几点思考

后安然时代痛足思痛,会计诚信和会计监管引起世界的进一步关注,完善我国会计监管迫在眉睫。应建立、健全会计监管的法律、法规体系;完善注册会计师行业监管体系;修订和完善会计准则体系;推进会计师事务所的合伙制转变和咨询业务与审计业务相分离以及推进相关配套改革。     

会计师事务所应否提供咨询业务

一、引言安然事件爆发前,我国一些注册会计师同行、学者,甚至高层人士曾写了大量文章,采用对比的方法,提出我国会计师行业业务面狭窄,无发展后劲的问题,提出应借鉴国外一些会计师事务所,尤其是"四大",大力发展咨询业务,才能在入世后与国际同行竞争。然而,安然事件的爆发,使会计师事务所同时提供审计和咨询的服务形式广遭诟病,被人们斥之为"连体怪胎"。现在,面对国际"四大"纷纷剥离自己咨询业务的局面,我国会计师事务所如何对待咨询业务?是"逆流而上",等出了问题再解决,还是把其"扼杀在萌芽中",以绝后患?下面是笔者的一点看法。     

从美国安然公司破产看CPA行业自律制度

安然公司破产的影响波及面是巨大的，而对于会计行业，给注册会计师(CPA)和公认会计准则(GAAP)提出了几个难题，这些都对注册会计师的审计业务产生影响。……     

会计师事务所业务发展前瞻

《注册会计师法》将注册会计师的业务规定为两大部分即审计和会计咨询、会计服务业务。从法律的角度来看，允许会计师事务所从事的业务相当广泛，给会计师事务所的业务发展留下了充足的空间。但由于种种原因导致我国会计师事务所的主要局限于审计、验资等传统业务。究其原因主要有以下几方面。     

从“安然事件”看注册会计师审计的独立性

美国安然事件中,由于安达信会计事务所同时提供审计业务和非审计业务而引发人们对审计独立性的质疑,那么,我国现阶段注册会计师审计中审计业务与非审计业务是否也要剥离,作者的回答是否定的.     

浅析注册会计师的民事法律责任

注册会计师是指依法取得注册会计师证书并接受委托,从事审计和会计咨询、会计服务业务的执业人员。在我国,注册会计师不允许以个人名义执业,而是以所在会计师事务所的名义执业,由会计师事务所统一接受委托,承办包括审计业务和会计咨询、会计服务等各项业务。注册会计师的民事法律责任问题,是当今世界大多数国家所关切和忧心的问题。审计业务是注册会计师的主要业务,属于法定业务。注册会计师以审计这一特有的执业方式,对公司的财务数据发表意见,其结果直接影响股价变动或投资决策。当注册会计师对虚假财务报表进行审计并签发了无保留意见时,…     

会计师事务所应否提供咨询业务

安然事件爆发前，我国一些注册会计师同行、学者，以至高层人士都曾有人撰文提出我国会计师行业业务面狭窄，无发展后劲的问题，认为可借鉴国外一些会计师事务所，尤其是“五大”，大力发展咨询业务，才能在入世后与国际同行竞争。然而，安然事件的爆发，使会计师事务所同时提供审计和咨询业务的服务形式广遭诟病。现在，面对国际“五大”纷纷剥离自己咨询业务的局面，我国会计师事务所该如何对待咨询业务？是“逆流而上”，等出了问题再解决，还是把其“扼杀在萌芽中”，以绝后患？下面是本人的一点看法。一、 咨询业务之弊咨询业务近20年…     

拓展非审计业务的实践与体会

目前我国会计师事务所业务结构比较单一,审计业务占绝对优势,管理咨询等非审计业务所占比重非常小.特别是经济危机的来临使得会计师事务所面临法定业务整体萎缩、收费有所下降的形势.如何提高非审计业务收入,使之成为国内注册会计师行业"新的经济增长点",已成为目前国内注册会计师行业讨论的热点.     

浅谈审计质量控制

审计质量是审计工作的生命，一切审计业务如果没有审计质量的保证，都是毫无意义的。笔者从我省的社会审计现状入手结合自己的实际工作，总结了审计质量控制中普遍存在的难点和薄弱环节，提出了会计师事务所搞好审计质量控制、提高审计质量的一些想法和建议。 　　一、审计质量控制的薄弱环节及难点 　　目前，我省的社会审计质量低下，虚假审计报告较多，原因有以下几点： 　　1年度会计报表审计业务集中，许多会计师事务所仓促上阵，质量控制制度难以全面贯彻 　　我省的会计师事务所和国内大多数事务所一样，主要以审计业务为主，咨询…     

浅议注册会计师职业责任保险与审计风险

《注册会计师法》第2条规定:"注册会计师是依法取得注册会计师证书并接受委托从事审计和会计咨询、会计服务业务的执业人员."对于注册会计师在从事法定业务中要承担的法律责任,《注册会计师法》和《独立审计准则》分别作了相应的规定.     

Almanac of anticipations: The age of affluence—of anticipation—of anxiety—of automation—of discontinuity—of longing—of overkill—of space exploration

With this survey of developments in the futures field since 1945, I.F. Clarke completes his present series for Futures. He makes two major points: that forecasting techniques have become essential tools in the management of change; and that nuclear weapons and ecological problems have added a moral dimension to the study of the future. In the next issue of Futures he will start a new series on the range of future-thinking in the USA, from the expectations of the first settlers to the Star Wars programme.     

基金公司经营融资融券业务的问题审视

融资融券业务正式运营已经开展,为证券市场带来了革命性的改革,作为证券市场的一大主体,基金公司面对融资融券也迎来了新的发展方向和挑战,本文从融资融券业务的运行机制入手,分析了基金公司融资融券的新契机,并对其即将面临的问题进行审视和剖析,进而提出策略建议.     

对基层人民银行科技工作的几点建议

银监会分设后,人民银行将专司货币政策、金融稳定、金融服务三大职能。作为人民银行的分支机构,基层人民银行的工作重心也将从金融监管调整到这三大职能上来。人民银行的科技部门,就要积极运用科技手段,为人民银行履行新的职能发挥“服务、支持、促进、发展”的作用。一、围绕三大职能搭建五大平台经过“六五打基础、七五作准备、八五大发展”几个阶段后,人民银行相继实现了核算电算化、清算网络化和办公信息化。特别是近一两年来,陆续开通了大额支付系统、信贷登记咨询系统、会计四集中系统、金融信息服务网站等系统,人民银行信息化水平又…     

The Usefulness of Measures of Consistency of Discretionary Components of Accruals in the Detection of Earnings Management

Abstract:  Prior research has shown the prevalence of measurement error in models used to estimate aggregate discretionary accruals. In these models, the incremental information content of the various components of accruals is ignored. Limited prior research and data gathered from firms under Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) litigation indicate that managers use either one or more than one component of accruals simultaneously, in a consistent way to manipulate bottom-line earnings in a given direction. I propose two measures that capture the consistency between the discretionary components of accruals and test their significance in earnings management (EM) detection in firms that have artificially added accrual manipulation and firms that were targeted by the SEC for accrual manipulation. There is evidence that this information is incrementally useful in detecting EM. This finding paves the way for improvements in the discretionary accruals measure by including consistency information from the components of aggregate accruals.     

社会主义所有制形式的改革、完善与共产党执政能力的提高

在中国,所有制形式的调整、改革与完善,先进生产力的发展,党的执政能力建设,是社会主义建设过程中密切结合在一起的三个不同层面的发展关系.应在相互促进和共同提高中促进社会的和谐发展,保证社会主义现代化建设战略目标的顺利实现.     

Summary of Results of Survey of Seminar Attendees

Abstract

The Society of Actuaries undertook a three-phase research project on mortality improvement in the three NAFTA countries: Canada, Mexico, and the U.S. Phase 1 consisted of a literature review of papers on projecting mortality levels in the future and a study of the trend in mortality improvement during this century. Phase 2 consisted of a discussion of different facets of modeling mortality rates at a seminar attended by 79 experts (actuaries, demographers, economists, and medical researchers) representing different countries. The last session of the seminar consisted of the completion of a survey by the attendees to obtain input for Phase 3, which would analyze the impact of mortality improvement on the social security system of each country. This paper summarizes the results of the survey.

The survey results illustrate the difficulty in forecasting mortality levels, because the effects of many factors that could have significant impact on mortality rates are unknown. This suggests the need for dynamic forecasting, which allows for the possibility of random shocks. A majority of the survey respondents believe that stochastic forecasting models, despite their complexity, have significant potential to add value. Respondents also believe that both historical data and cause-specific mortality forecasts are useful as input and also in validating forecasts of the aggregate levels of mortality. The challenge is to develop more sophisticated forecasting models to produce results that are relatively easy to interpret and to communicate these results to the desired audiences, including the public and policymakers.

The survey results suggest that the aggregate effect of lifestyle changes, medical advances, diseases, catastrophe, and physical environmental changes is an increase in life span. However, there is much uncertainty about the future. Respondents expect that beyond the year 2020 the mean annual rate of reduction in mortality for males age 65 and over will average about 0.58% for Canada, 0.76% for Mexico, and 0.67% for the U.S. The results for the female age 65 and over population are 0.64%, 0.83%, and 0.70%, respectively. The age 65 and over population is expected to see larger percentage reductions in mortality than the 0–14 and 15–64 populations. The reductions in male and female mortality will be ultimately the same, and the mortality levels in the three countries will ultimately converge, although differences may persist for decades.     

Separation of Unit of Account from Medium of Exchange

The separation of a unit of account (UoA) from a medium of exchange (MoE) in the commodity–money system is investigated by considering explicitly a seller's choice of UoA in terms of either an MoE or a unit of metal weight. If the likelihood of debasement of an MoE and its rate are high enough, the price is posted in terms of a unit of metal weight rather than an MoE. Interestingly, this MoE–UoA separated equilibrium yields the flexible nominal price, whereas an MoE–UoA integrated equilibrium yields the sticky one. This implies the nominal price rigidity in the fiat‐money system where MoE and UoA are integrated.     

银行软件项目外包管理分析

一、引言随着国民经济的不断发展,银行业务与外部企业的联系越来越密切。银行正逐步成为现代经济活动的中心,作为数据处理核心的银行业务应用也越来越大型化、越来越复杂化,因此许多银行也把软件项目逐步由原来的自主开发转变为与公司合作的方式,或直接外包开发的方式,银行本身的技术人员也逐步由开发转向项目管理。二、项目外包的分类银行项目的外包有以下几种情况:①部分子系统外包,有时由于银行的软件项目太大,单靠银行自身的开发力量基本无法在预定的时间内完成项目,只好把相对独立的部分外包;②直接购买软件公司的成熟产品,有些金融软…     

银行管理信息平台建设发展的思考

一、目前国内银行IT发展现状及面临的问题 银行数据集中工作的完成,标志着银行的业务由电子化建设阶段转入信息化建设阶段.一方面银行数据的集中提供了丰富全面的基础数据,面对日益庞大的数据源,如何将数字转化为对银行有用的信息,并从中发现知识,为银行的经营决策提供支持,是摆在银行IT人员面前的一个亟待解决的问题.另一方面用户对银行信息的需求日益增长,如果银行没有一套完整、实用的信息管理系统,将对业务发展非常不利.南京爱立信公司倒戈花旗银行事件曾经轰动一时,其中一个重要原因就是中国本地银行不能满足爱立信全球总部对南京爱立信公司的要求:每周财务上报和每天贷款限额管理.这一事件为中国商业银行的未来发展敲响了警钟,如果不加快管理信息系统的开发,迅速提升业务管理水平,类似的事件还会接连不断地发生,并最终导致国内商业银行在同国外商业银行的竞争中全面溃败.     

Properties of time-series estimates of degree of leverage measures

Empirical studies suggest that time-series regression estimates of the degrees of operating and financial leverage have a tendency to produce measures less than one. According to ex ante theory, these measures should be greater than one for firms operating above the breakeven point. There have also been suggestions that the biases in these estimates may be attributable to an underlying increase in unit sales. This work presents evidence that these counter-intuitive measures are produced by changes in the firm's operating parameters (unit price, variable cost, fixed cost and interest payments). It further suggests that attempts to control for the underlying change in unit sales substantially increase the volatility of predicted estimates.