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Bezalel Peleg 《Journal of Mathematical Economics》1974,1(2):193-198
We consider an n-good model of optimal accumulation determined by a technology, a utility function, and a discount factor. A technology is δ-productive if it contains an input-output pair such that the discounted output vector strictly dominates the input vector. We show that a δ-productive technology has a non-trivial modified golden rule. We also report a counter- example of David Starrett showing that the modified golden rule need not have turnpike properties, and that there may exist non-trivial periodic optimal consumption plans even when there is no non-trivial modified golden rule. 相似文献
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Herbert Mohring 《Journal of urban economics》1983,14(3):293-317
Bus-route simulations suggest that minibuses could not survive in North America or Europe if driver wages equal those currently paid mass-transit bus drivers. If minibuses pay taxi-driver wages and standard buses pay current wages, however, minibuses would yield slightly and appreciably lower urban travel costs than standard buses given respectively marginal-cost and current prices for road services. Scale economies justify markedly smaller subsidies for minibuses than for standard buses. Underpriced road services justify substantial subsidies and preferential access to road capacity for both minibuses and standard buses. 相似文献
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城市空间互补与城市交通问题 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
聚集效应主要决定于城市区域空间之间的互补性,而与土地价格不存在互为因果的关系.城市区域空间互补性越强,聚集经济越大,资源空间布局越有效率,城市通勤距离也越短.由此才可以形成有效率的城市多中心空间形态.大都市交通问题的根源在于城市资源空间布局的非互补性. 相似文献
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This paper extends a recent von Thünen-type model of urban structure by Mills to include two competing forms of transportation, and then compares simulated representative American and European cities with respect to size, density, and land rents. Assuming consumers minimize costs in choosing between competing travel modes, the 19-equation model demonstrates that land rent differentials are diminished by adding an alternative travel mode, and that transport capacity is far more important than fare structures in determining transit patterns and land use. American urban structure appears to resemble European urban patterns as transportation modes proliferate. 相似文献
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Under an uncertain transportation cost, residential choice is made before the actual state of the world reveals itself. Formally, this resembles the theory of saving under uncertainty. Exploring this resemblance, we investigate the effect on urban structure of introducing uncertainty in transportation cost. Our main conclusion is that risk does not necessarily have the same effect on the city that an increase in transportation cost does in the deterministic case. If the utility function obeys the ‘principle of decreasing risk aversion to concentration’, introducing risk causes the urban area to contract (as in the case of an increasing transportation cost), but the equilibrium utility level may either increase or decrease. If, on the other hand, utility does not satisfy the above principle, introducing risk causes the utility level to decline (as if the case of an increasing transportation cost), but the urban area may either expand or contract. 相似文献
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城市交通与城市空间演化相互作用机制研究 总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7
认为城市交通与城市空间演化之间存在着持续的相互作用关系:一方面,城市空间演化不断对城市交通提出更高的要求,并为城市交通的发展提供相应的条件;另一方面,交通可达性的提高和交通方式的变革又会对城市空间的进一步演化产生引导作用,它们之间通过可达性这一关键因素的不断调整和变化实现相互促进和共同发展. 相似文献
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城市中心区交通模式研究 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
伴随着城市化的迅猛发展及新一轮城市总体规划的调整 ,我国城市不仅面临着城市规模的不断扩大 ,而且面临着城市内部的功能调整。城市用地结构的变化主要集中于两个方面 :城市郊区化及城市中心区的整治。城市郊区化推动的人口和产业的外迁 ,为城市中心区产业结构的重组与功能的优化创造了的条件。不少城市已经将建设中央商务区提上议事日程。城市中心区一般位于城市的几何中心 ,是城市发展历史最长、土地使用强度最高、公共活动强度最大的地区 ,城市中心区的发展面临环境、人口的一系列压力 ,其中如何建立高效、便捷的城市交通系统是目前各大… 相似文献
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The effects of transportation system improvements on urban performances with heterogeneous residents
《管理科学学报(英文)》2020,5(4):287-302
Through developing a spatial equilibrium model for a linear monocentric city with a bi-modal traffic corridor (i.e., highway and public transit), this paper examines the effects of transportation improvements (including the decreases of the fixed travel cost, the travel time and monetary cost per unit distance) on urban spatial structure and the utilities of the two resident classes, namely car-available-residents (CARs) and car-unavailable-residents (CURs). As a result, it is demonstrated that the city size increases with the improvements of vehicle-highway system and the degree of CARs’ travel mode choice rationality, but the improvement of public transit may produce a shrinkage rather than an expansion in city size. From the aspect of utility, both CARs and CURs benefit from the improvement of vehicle-highway system; however, the improvement of public transit might have an adverse effect on the utility of CARs. These findings would provide valuable reference for the future transportation and urban planning. 相似文献
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《管理科学学报(英文)》2023,8(4):558-569
Hazmat transportation in cities faces significant risks that may cause catastrophic losses to humans. From the perspective of the regulator, the main responsibility is to mitigate hazmat transport risk by determining the availability of road networks to hazmat carriers. Based on the time-variant population distribution, the hazmat transport risk was assessed via the total population exposure associated with the resident and variable populations at different times. We propose a risk-minimizing urban hazmat road network design model for multiple types of hazmats, considering time-varying traffic. The model was applied to a realistic case study of hazmat transportation in a densely populated urban area with complex traffic in Shanghai, China. 相似文献
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改善中国城市交通与环境问题 总被引:3,自引:1,他引:2
中国环境与国际发展合作委员会环境与交通专家工作组 《城市发展研究》2000,(3)
本文系中国环境与国际发展合作委员会环境与交通专家工作组在对国内外十多个城市交通与环境状况调查的基础上 ,经过一年多认真分析研究提出的《改善中国城市交通与环境问题的建议书》。建议书对我国当前城市交通问题的分析较准确 ,所提出的观点鲜明、政策与措施建议针对性较强。现特刊出供读者学习参考。 相似文献
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城市公共交通工具的色彩是城市色彩的重要组成部分。只有根据城市环境特点、文化气质及色彩规律规划科学的色彩方案,才能将流动风景亮丽明快的色彩传递给人们,从而提高公共交通工具自身的识别性。城市公共交通工具与其他元素共筑城市色彩,能够展示出城市的精神风貌、体现城市品位。 相似文献
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城市投资环境综合评价方法研究 总被引:3,自引:1,他引:3
为了提高城市投资效率与效果,通过定性设置城市投资环境的总体评价指标体系,对影响投资环境的因素利用综合评价的方法做出定量的评价,得出各个因素之间的权重及排序,可以找出城市投资环境存在的优势与不足,以利于改善投资环境. 相似文献
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城市制度:城市发展的核心构架 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
讨论了城市制度的本质、结构、功能及我国城市的发展模式 ,提出城市制度不完善是我国城市发展滞后的重要原因 ;建构与转换城市制度是城市发展进入自觉阶段的根本标志。我国城市要实现跨越式发展 ,应以制度创新为先导 相似文献