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中国乡村公共品的提供:连带团体的作用 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
在威权和转轨体制下,民主和官僚政治制度通常很薄弱,为什么处于这种制度下的政府官员所提供的公共品,往往还超过了足够维护社会稳定所需的最低水平呢?案例研究表明,即使正式责任制度很薄弱,非官方惯例和规则的约束仍然能够促使当地官员设立并履行其公共责任。而这些非正式责任制度由特定类型的连带团体提供并在全社区发挥其道德权威。在其他条件都相同的情况下,存在这类集团的村庄比没有这类集团的村庄更有可能获得较好的公共品供应。 相似文献
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Although industrial economists and strategy theorists provide a considerable amount of research regarding market entry barriers in the context of industrialized countries such as those in North America and Western Europe, few studies focus on entry barriers in the business context of China. Consequently, an understanding of the barriers to entry to Chinese markets as perceived by Chinese business executives is limited in the marketing literature. This research, based on the development and administration of a self-completed survey of one hundred and ninety three Chinese executives, attempts to ascertain the dimensions and order of importance of market entry barriers in this context. The findings of the research indicate seven dimensions of marketing entry barriers and show that business executives in China perceive advertising effects as the most important entry barrier and capital requirements as the least important. 相似文献
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Lily Wang 《中国对外贸易(英文版)》2020,(1):20-21
The second CIIE(China International Import Expo)finished in Shanghai on November 10,2019.The second CIIE reached a total of tentative deals worth USD 71.13 billion,up by 23%from previous year.China’s opening-up measures and improving business environment have provided fresh opportunities for countries of the world and enhanced the world confidence to develop with China. 相似文献
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Lily Wang 《中国对外贸易(英文版)》2020,(1):22-23
Macao was handed back to China 20 years ago.Today,Macao is the most developed it has been throughout its history,a live testimony to the success of the“one country,two system”development model.Macao has created a sound legal system that is based on the constitution and Basic Law of Macao.With the opportunities of joining the Belt and Road Initiative and the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Great Bay Area,Macao’s economy has achieved leapfrog development,local people’s lives have improved,various cultures intermingled and great achievements have been made. 相似文献
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Using school holiday data from 47 countries, we find a strong link between school holidays and market returns. Stock market returns in the month after major school holidays are 0.6% to 1% lower than in other months. This explains, but is not limited to, the “September effect.” In the United States, September is the only month that exhibits a negative average return over the past century. The postschool holiday effect remains even with monthly fixed effects. We explore the explanation that the effect is due to investor inattention during school holidays, which slows the incorporation of (negative) information in security prices. 相似文献
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Using 1994–2009 data, we find that All-American (AA) analysts’ buy and sell portfolio alphas significantly exceed those of non-AAs by up to 0.6 % per month after risk-adjustments for investors with advance access to analyst recommendations. For investors without such access, top-rank AAs still earn significantly higher (by 0.3 %) monthly alphas in buy recommendations than others. AAs’ superior performance exists before (as well as after) they are elected, is not explained by market overreactions to stars, and is not significantly eroded after Reg-FD. Election to top-AA ranks predicts future performance in buy recommendations above and beyond other previously observable analyst characteristics. Institutional investors actively evaluate analysts and update the AA roster accordingly. Collectively, these results suggest that skill differences among analysts exist and AA election reflects institutional investors’ ability to evaluate and benefit from elected analysts’ superior skills. Other investors’ opportunity to profit from the stars’ opinions exists, but is limited due to their timing disadvantage. 相似文献
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While most studies argue that, relational embeddedness, one facet of social capital, facilitates the obtaining process of scarce resources, our study cautions that it may exert negative impacts. This study examines the underlying process about how shared cognition influences new business development. Results from a survey on entrepreneur social network in China demonstrate that strong ties bring decision-making constraints for entrepreneurs to bear, while trust helps to lessen such restriction. Additionally, shared cognition should not become a preferred standard for entrepreneurs in choosing their network members, because simply relying on the intermediate role of tie strength engenders dark sides. Implications for research as well as for practice are discussed. 相似文献