Exploring the Intensive and Extensive Margins of World Trade

World trade evolves at two margins. Where a bilateral trading relationship already exists it may increase through time (intensive margin). But trade may also increase if a trading bilateral relationship is newly established between countries that have not traded with each other in the past (extensive margin). We provide an empirical dissection of post–World War II growth in manufacturing world trade along these two margins. We propose a “corner-solutions version” of the gravity model to explain movements on both margins. A Tobit estimation of this model resolves the so-called “distance puzzle”. It also finds more convincing evidence than recent literature that WTO-membership enhances trade. JEL no. F12, F15     

Japan and the European community: An uneasy partnership

Bewildering advances of Japanese production into many fields of European industry are a cause of grave concern in the EC. Calls for protection are growing louder as a mixture of fear and impatience spreads throughout the Community. Wilhelm Haferkamp, EC Commissioner in charge of external trade relations, explains why trade war practices are no solution to the problem.     

Beitrag zur Theorie des Zahlungsbilanzausgleiches. Automatische Kompensationsvorgänge nichtvalutarischer Art

Ohne Zusammenfassung     

Towards developing financial management strategies for land reform beneficiaries in the Bloem‐fontein/Thaba Nchu area of the Free State province of South Africa

This article is based on research that was carried out to design financial management strategies for emerging farmers, and examines the financing problems anticipated for the beneficiaries of land reform in the Free State province. Discussions focus on criteria for detecting impending financial problems, in particular liquidity problems, and are based on the analysis of data gathered from emerging farmers by means of interviews and a questionnaire.     

Unternehmungskooperation entlang der Wertschöpfungskette — Implikationen für das Marketing von Automobilherstellern

Am Beispiel von Toyota und der Automobilindustrie allgemein wird in diesem Beitrag gezeigt, dass die zunehmende partnerschaftliche Zusammenarbeit zwischen einem Original Equipment Manufacturer (OEM) und seinen Systemlieferanten sich derzeit zwar vorrangig auf die Bereiche F&E, Produktion und Logistik konzentriert, aber bedeutsame Einflüsse auf das Marketing und insbesondere die Markenpolitik des OEMs hat.