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Sergei Schaub Jaboury Ghazoul Robert Huber Wei Zhang Adelaide Sander Charles Rees Simanti Banerjee Robert Finger 《Journal of Agricultural Economics》2023,74(3):617-660
Agri-environmental schemes (AESs) are increasingly implemented to promote the adoption of environmentally friendly practices by farmers. We use a systematic review to explore the role of behavioural factors and opportunity costs in farmers' decisions to participate in AESs in Australia, Europe and North America. Behavioural factors influence how farmers value and perceive options, while opportunity costs relate to farmers' forgone utility when choosing to participate in schemes. We synthesise insights from 79 articles and over 700 factors explaining the participation in AESs. We find that a set of behavioural factors seem consistently connected to participation, including agricultural training, advice and having positive attitudes towards AESs. Moreover, several factors related to opportunity costs also have a rather consistent relationship with AES participation, including market conditions, implementation efforts, profitability, and management and contract flexibility. However, many relationships of behavioural factors and opportunity costs with AES participation are not as consistent and generalizable as sometimes portrayed and require context-specific interpretation. Those factors with mixed results can still provide insights into farmers' participation decisions as several of them are either ‘positively and insignificantly’ or ‘negatively and insignificantly’ related to participation, such as environmental attitude, trust and farm size. These results suggest that their relationship with AES participation depends on other factors or the setting, highlighting interactions and raising important new research questions. Overall, our results provide several entry points for both researchers and policy-makers, highlighting uncertainties in relationships between factors and participation that should be considered when designing policies. 相似文献
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Ramez Ghazoul 《Socio》1979,13(3):149-157
Costs are the valuations placed on the use of resources; they include operating and opportunity costs. As such they vary according to one's orientation. In higher education, costs can be evaluated from the point of view of three entities: the university as an economic firm (institutional cost); the students as private individuals (private cost); and society at large (social cost). This paper considers the institutional costs of higher education.Based on a hypothetical college model, two methodologies are suggested for evaluating the institutional costs in the “production’ of university graduates. The net-value-added method assumes that the cost of dropouts is inherent in the cost of graduates. The cost-per-student-year method assumes that dropouts and graduates are joint products of the educational system each with their own separate costs.The application of the two cost models is demonstrated with empirical data based on the University of Mosul in Iraq. The implications of the suggested methodologies for institutions with diverse specializations, high dropout rates, or large proportions of transfer students are also discussed. 相似文献
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Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR): Theory and Practice in a Developing Country Context 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
After providing an overview of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) research in different contexts, and noting the varied
methodologies adopted, two robust CSR conceptualizations – one by Carroll (1979, ‘A Three-Dimensional Conceptual Model of
Corporate Performance’, The Academy of Management Review
4(4), 497–505) and the other by Wood (1991, ‘Corporate Social Performance Revisited’, The Academy of Management Review
16(4), 691–717) – have been adopted for this research and their integration explored. Using this newly synthesized framework,
the research critically examines the CSR approach and philosophy of eight companies that are considered active in CSR in the
Lebanese context. The findings suggest the lack of a systematic, focused, and institutionalized approach to CSR and that the
understanding and practice of CSR in Lebanon are still grounded in the context of philanthropic action. The findings are qualified
within the framework of existing contextual realities and relevant implications drawn accordingly.
Dr. Jamali is Assistant Professor of Management at the Olayan School of Business, American University of Beirut. She holds
a BA in Public Administartion from the American University of Beirut, and a Ph.D. in Social Policy and Administration, from
the University of Kent at Canterbury, UK. Her research interests encompass corporate social responsibility, public private
partnerships, learning organizations and women issues. She worked as an expert consultant on projects funded by the World
Bank, the US Agency for International Development, NGOs, and other regional and local public and private firms. She is the
author of numerous studies and international peer reviewed publications in various international journals, including the Journal
of Management Development, the International Journal of Public Sector Management, the International Journal of Quality and
Reliability Management, Business Process Management Journal, Public Works, Management and Policy and Women in Management Review.
Ramez Mirshak Graduated with honors from the American University in Cairo (AUC) with a Bachelor of Arts in Business Administration
in February 2001, then worked for two years in Egypt in the field of marketing and management. In 2004–2005, pursued his Masters
of Business Administration at the American University of Beirut (AUB), researching primarily issues relating to change management
and corporate social responsibility under the supervision of Dr. Dima Jamali, then joined a leading international financial
institution as a regional Management Associate, while maintaining links with AUB and working on several research based projects. 相似文献
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Alexander Arnall Jose Furtado Jaboury Ghazoul Cobus de Swardt 《Development Southern Africa》2004,21(3):443-460
The relevance and importance of informal safety nets that buffer poor households from livelihood hardships have been given little attention in South Africa's development programmes to date. This article contributes to the understanding of informal safety nets by investigating local perceptions in a South African informal settlement. The main findings of the study are that families perform an important safety net function, but that these sources of assistance can be susceptible to social isolation. Immediate neighbours and friends also play an important safety net role, but these reciprocal-based sources of assistance may be difficult to secure. Community-wide threats can have a severe impact on people's ability to engage in safety net transfers. Many of these difficulties stem from South Africa's structural unemployment crisis. This factor is the greatest danger to the future of the informal safety net system in the informal settlement. 相似文献
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Heightened interest in business-conflict linkages has materialized with the advent of globalization and the rise of multinational
corporations (MNCs). We examine business-conflict linkages in this article both theoretically and empirically. Theoretically,
we examine three streams of the relevant academic literature: the academic business and society literature, the practitioner
business and society literature, and the international business political behavior literature and argue that there is room
and indeed need for their cross fertilization and integration in research on business-conflict linkages. We then consolidate
the three streams into a matrix that reconciles relevant dimen- sions and which can serve as a typology of intervention strategies
of business firms in conflict zones. Empirically, the article makes use of the integrative matrix in the context of an interpretive
research methodology to examine the perceptions and behavioral orientations of a sample of MNCs in Lebanon in an actual conflict
context. 相似文献
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