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The paper argues that although considerations such as industry consolidation, the role of lending and the effects of technology are still important in shaping the future of investment banking, sustainable competitive advantage necessitates that emphasis is also placed on thought leadership. This entails quite a radical change in terms of the way in which the industry approaches the problem of competition and requires emphasis on value creation for all the constituent parts of the industry: corporations, investors, the banks themselves and research departments. Accordingly, the paper provides a rationale for this change and provides inter alia a range of examples to illustrate how thought leadership could lead to a fundamental change in the future of the investment banking industry. 相似文献
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A play-the-winner-type urn design with reduced variability 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Anastasia Ivanova 《Metrika》2003,58(1):1-13
We propose a new adaptive allocation rule, the drop-the-loser, that randomizes subjects in the course of a trial comparing
treatments with dichotomous outcomes. The rule tends to assign more patients to better treatments with the same limiting proportion
as the randomized play-the-winner rule. The new design has significantly less variable allocation proportion than the randomized
play-the-winner rule. Decrease in variability translates into a gain in statistical power. For some values of success probabilities
the drop-the-loser rule has a double advantage over conventional equal allocation in that it has better power and assigns
more subjects to the better treatment.
Acknowledgments. I thank Stephen Durham, the associate editor, and the referees for their helpful suggestions. 相似文献
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Eric F. Parkinson 《International Journal of Technology and Design Education》2004,14(3):219-243
Construction kits have played a significant part in nurturing the growth and development of the minds and manipulation-based
skills of children (and adults) in formal and non-formal education settings. These kits have origins rooted in the representation
of the built world and now have a diversity of form and function, including technical versions with moving parts. This article
examines some of the historically based ideas that lie behind the role that kits may have in terms of physical modelling.
The article traces the transformation of kits from simple bricks and blocks into more complicated pieces for space-filling
and achieving the transfer of forces and motion. This transformation occurred during the Victorian era when the influence
of the ideas of educationalists and, perhaps rather strangely, exponents of early aviation, played major roles in determining
the diversity of forms of construction kit and modelled possibilities that are now to be seen in classrooms and homes. The
article ends with a review of some of the lessons from the past and present that will need to be considered in relation to
concrete modelling in schools for the future.
This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
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Karin M. Ekstrm Marianne P. Ekstrm Marina Potapova Helena Shanahan 《International Journal of Consumer Studies》2003,27(4):294-301
The purpose of this article is to describe how households in Novgorod the Great, Russia, deal with food provision in everyday life. The study focuses on changes experienced in food provision and consumption in Russian society, in order to illustrate how households respond to the transformation towards a market economy. The study reflects women's perspective on food provision. Students from Novgorod the Great visited 105 households and asked the women in the household to answer a questionnaire. Results from the study show that in order to cope with changes in society related to economic reforms, Russian households had changed both their food consumption and food production patterns. There was no big difference between urban and rural households. Nearly all of the households were self‐sufficient in the provision of vegetables and potatoes. Many households had a ‘dacha’ (plot), where they produced most of what they needed. Among the changes experienced during recent years (i.e. during the end of the 1990s), a decade after perestroika was initiated, households mentioned the rise in food prices and the decrease of income. Households reported that they consumed less fruit and/or meat. Some households also mentioned that the quality of nourishment had decreased, thereby indicating lower general quality, lower nutrition value, or less healthy foodstuffs. 相似文献
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