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排序方式: 共有117条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
Stan Siebert 《Economic Affairs》1994,14(4):31-35
EU regulation of labour markets under the Social Charter and Protocol to improve 'employment rights' may appear loudable but can prove costly for firms. Mandates will probably make the unskilled more difficult to employ. 相似文献
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Valeriy?RyabchenkoEmail author Sergey?Sarykalin Stan?Uryasev 《Asia-Pacific Financial Markets》2004,11(3):301-333
The paper considers a regression approach to pricing European options in an incomplete market. The algorithm replicates an option by a portfolio consisting of the underlying security and a risk-free bond. We apply linear regression framework and quadratic programming with linear constraints (input = sample paths of underlying security; output = table of option prices as a function of time and price of the underlying security). We populate the model with historical prices of the underlying security (possibly massaged to the present volatility) or with Monte Carlo simulated prices. Risk neutral processes or probabilities are not needed in this framework. 相似文献
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A. Alexandre Trindade Stan Uryasev Alexander Shapiro Grigory Zrazhevsky 《Journal of Banking & Finance》2007
A new class of asymmetric loss functions derived from the least absolute deviations or least squares loss with a constraint on the mean of one tail of the residual error distribution, is introduced for analyzing financial data. Motivated by risk management principles, the primary intent is to provide “cautious” forecasts under uncertainty. The net effect on fitted models is to shape the residuals so that on average only a prespecified proportion of predictions tend to fall above or below a desired threshold. The loss functions are reformulated as objective functions in the context of parameter estimation for linear regression models, and it is demonstrated how optimization can be implemented via linear programming. The method is a competitor of quantile regression, but is more flexible and broader in scope. An application is illustrated on prediction of NDX and SPX index returns data, while controlling the magnitude of a fraction of worst losses. 相似文献
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Decomposing Local: A Conjoint Analysis of Locally Produced Foods 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
Kim Darby Marvin T. Batte Stan Ernst Brian Roe 《American journal of agricultural economics》2008,90(2):476-486
Increasingly, foods are marketed as "locally grown." We use stated preference data from a choice-based conjoint instrument to address two issues surrounding consumer demand for locally produced goods: (1) what is the geographical extent of "local," and (2) is the value consumers place on "local" production distinct from other factors that are often confounded with locally produced foods such as farm size and product freshness? We find our subjects place similar value on products produced "in state" and "nearby" and that consumers' willingness to pay for local production is independent from values associated with product freshness and farm size. 相似文献
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A significant body of research concludes that stable beliefs of perceived consumer effectiveness lead to sustainable consumption choices. Consumers who believe that their decisions can significantly affect environmental and social issues are more likely to behave sustainably. Little is known, however, about how perceived consumer effectiveness can be increased. We find that feelings of guilt and pride, activated by a single consumption episode, can regulate sustainable consumption by affecting consumers’ general perception of effectiveness. This paper demonstrates the impact that guilt and pride have on perceived consumer effectiveness and shows how this effect rests on the ability of these emotions to influence perceptions of agency. After experiencing guilt or pride, consumers see themselves as the cause of relevant sustainability outcomes. The process of causal attribution associated with these emotions influences consumers’ use of neutralization techniques. Through the reduction in consumers’ ability to neutralize their sense of personal responsibility, guilt and pride positively influence perceived consumer effectiveness. The inability to rationalize-away their personal responsibility, persuades consumers that they affect sustainability outcomes through their decisions. The research advances our understanding of sustainable consumption and identifies a new avenue for the regulation of individual consumer behavior that has significant implications for the development of sustainable marketing initiatives. 相似文献
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Stan Standaert 《Journal of development economics》1985,18(1):37-50
The foreign exchange gap is analysed as a possible feature of a fix-price economy. The implications of closing the gap by means of import rationing are then discussed. Finally, a set of shadow rates of exchange is derived. These shadow prices are conditional on the prevailing regimes, and include the paradoxical possibility of a negative shadow rate of exchange. 相似文献
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Corporate Social Responsibility: Exploring Stakeholder Relationships and Programme Reporting across Leading FTSE Companies 总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7
Although it is now widely recognised by business leaders that their companies need to accept a broader responsibility than
short-term profits, recent research suggests that as corporate social responsibility (CSR) and social reporting become more
widespread, there is little empirical evidence of the range of stakeholders addressed through their CSR programmes and how
such programmes are reported. Through a CSR framework which was developed in an exploratory study, we explore the nature of
stakeholder relationships reported across leading FTSE companies and the importance they attach to communicating both social
and business outcomes. It is evident from the hypotheses tested that the bigger FTSE companies, particularly extraction companies
and telecoms, are more adept at identifying and prioritising their stakeholders, and linking CSR programmes to business and
social outcomes. However, we draw the general conclusion that building stronger stakeholder relationships through CSR programmes
– other than with customers – is not currently a priority for most companies. We also conclude that a limited sophistication
in managing multiple stakeholders may compromise the impact of CSR upon business and social results. Finally, the managerial
implications and the contribution of our study are discussed before closing with an acknowledgement of the limitations of
this work and suggestions for further research. 相似文献
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