The Motivation of Entrepreneurs: Are Employed Managers and Self-employed Owners Different?

Are managers entrepreneurs? What motivates them to run a firm? Are managers different from self-employed firm owners? In which points do they differ? And why is it that they are different? The following article examines these questions based on a survey of German engineering firms in which managers and self-employed owners answer why they are motivated to run a firm and what hinders their firms from growing more rapidly.     

Gains from configuration: The transboundary protected area as a conservation tool

Nearly two hundred transboundary protected areas comprise a portion of the global conservation landscape the size of India, with further expansion anticipated. Proponents claim that transboundary protected areas outperform isolated protected areas in achieving conservation objectives, while regional case studies have led critics to challenge this claim. Empirical investigation into the relative performance of transboundary protected areas is fundamentally limited since these areas cannot be directly compared to the isolated protected areas that might otherwise have emerged in the same location. This paper develops a game theory model of park formation to compare counterfactual transboundary and isolated protected areas. The model suggests that under certain conditions, transboundary protected areas can achieve greater conservation and production objectives, even in the absence of international cooperative park management. The paper establishes five sufficient conditions for transboundary protected areas to provide greater national welfare, domestic conservation value, or global conservation value than counterfactual isolated protected areas. These conditions are tested for three common conservation objectives. The results suggest that when the objective of conservation is species persistence or interior habitat, conservation groups should encourage transboundary protected areas. However, when the objective of conservation is to extend reserve coverage to the maximum number of species, conservation groups should encourage protected areas where species richness is greatest, whether or not these areas span international borders.     

Ungleichheit,Mitarbeiterbeteiligung und Politik

Ohne Zusammenfassung Norbert Berthold ist Inhaber des Lehrstuhls für Volkswirtschaftslehre an der Universit?t Würzburg     

Current account deficits in Greece,Portugal and Spain — origins and consequences

In light of the shortcomings of the Stability and Growth Pact, there has been a recognition that a surveillance framework is needed which goes beyond fiscal issues to cover wider macroeconomic factors. The question arises whether the surveillance and connected reform criteria should be applied symmetrically, to all members of the eurozone, or whether they should specifically target countries with current account deficits.