This paper investigates the domestic productivity and spillover effects of foreign technology and embodied R&D on Egyptian manufacturing industries, 2006 to 2009. It also analyses the heterogeneous sectoral effects of technology transfer by focusing specifically on the productivity effects on highly internationalized and technology-intensive industries. These are expected to have greater absorptive capacity with respect to foreign technology and therefore larger productivity effects because of their greater exposure to foreign competition and greater technological capacity respectively. This study is the first to analyse the efficiency effects of foreign technology by classifying industries in this manner. It finds that foreign technology and embodied R&D have positive and significant industry-specific effects on domestic productivity and TFP in technology-intensive industries but that these are weaker in internationally oriented industries. The study suggests that only technological-intensive industries in Egypt have sufficient absorptive capacity to assimilate foreign technology effectively. The paper’s findings highlight the key role of foreign technology in domestic productivity growth, subject to the absorptive capacity of the domestic labour force, and the need for improved policies to promote the domestic benefits of technology transfer through the accumulation of local technological competences.
ABSTRACTThis article proposes across-lingual ontology enrichment (CLOE) approach for enriching ontologies from amultilingual text or other ontologies. Athree-level hierarchical multi-agent model has been built, where each node is modelled as an agent. This has several advantages: ontologies can be used to enrich other ontologies in adifferent language, several ontologies can be enriched at the same time, and domain-independent. A prototype for the proposed approach has been implemented. Evaluation results are promising, showing considerable precision and recall scores. We believe that this approach is the first such attempt to enrich multiple ontologies using adomain-independent approach. 相似文献