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Scarcity, regulation and endogenous technical progress 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Raouf Boucekkine Natali Hritonenko Yuri Yatsenko 《Journal of Mathematical Economics》2011,47(2):186-199
This paper studies to which extent a firm using a scarce resource input and facing environmental regulation can still manage to have a sustainable growth of output and profits. The firm has a vintage capital technology with two complementary factors, capital and a resource input subject to quota, the latter being increasingly scarce through an exogenously rising price. The firm can scrap obsolete capital and invest in adoptive and/or innovative R&D resource-saving activities. Within this realistic framework, we first characterize long-term growth regimes driven by scarcity (induced-innovation) vs. long-term growth regimes driven by quota regulation (Porter-like innovation). More importantly, we study the interaction between scarcity and quota regulation. In particular, we show that there exists a threshold level for the growth rate of the resource price above which the Porter mechanism is killed while the scarcity-induced growth regime may emerge. Symmetrically, we also find that there must exist a threshold value for the environmental quota under which the growth regime induced by scarcity vanishes while the Porter-like growth regime may survive. 相似文献
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The implementation of the education criteria for performance excellence (ECPE)—the education version of the Baldrige criteria—is driven by the growing need for performance excellence in higher education. Ironically the criteria meant for performance excellence have no theoretical underpinning and are based on normative performance improvement requirements. The lack of content and internal validity is reflected in some critical weaknesses in the criteria. Based on a critical review, this paper highlights potential improvements in the areas of aligning processes with the organisational mission, operations focus, customer focus, workforce focus, and performance measurement. To help enhance the ECPE, the paper develops performance measures for systematic implementation of the criteria. This is discussed in terms of defining desired outcomes, developing key measures, identifying specific indicators to track performance, and choosing methods to assess performance. The discussions provide a basis for future revisions to the ECPE. 相似文献
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A simple open-economy AK model with collateral constraints accounts for growth breaks and growth-reversal episodes, during which countries face abrupt
changes in their growth rate that may lead to either growth miracles or growth disasters. Absent commitment to investment
by the borrowing country, imperfect contract enforcement leads to an informational lag such that the debt contracted upon
today depends upon the past stock of capital. The no-commitment delay originates a history effect by which the richer a country has been in the past, the more it can borrow today. For (arbitrarily) small delays,
the history effect offsets the growth benefits from international borrowing and dampens growth, and it leads to both leapfrogging
in long-run levels and growth breaks. When large enough, the history effect originates growth reversals and we connect the
latter to leapfrogging. Finally, we argue that the model accords with the reported evidence on changes in the growth rate
at break dates. We also provide examples showing that leapfrogging and growth reversals may coexist, so that currently poor
but fast-growing countries experiencing sharp growth reversals may end up, in the long-run, significantly richer than currently
rich but declining countries. 相似文献
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This paper develops a theory of optimal fertility behavior under mortality shocks. In an OLG model, young adults determine
their optimal fertility, labor supply and life-cycle consumption with both exogenous child and adult mortality risks. We show
that a rise in adult mortality exerts an ambiguous effect on both net and total fertility in a general equilibrium framework, while child mortality shocks unambiguously lead to a rise in
total fertility, leaving net fertility unchanged. We complement our theory with an empirical analysis using a sample of 39
Sub-Saharan African (SSA) countries over the 1980–2004 period, examining the overall effects of the child and adult mortality
channels on both total and net fertility. We find child mortality to exert a robust, positive impact on total fertility but
no impact on net fertility, whereas a rise in adult mortality is found to negatively influence both total and net fertility.
Given the particular demographic profile of the HIV/AIDS epidemic (killing essentially young, active adults), we then conclude
in favor of an unambiguous negative effect of the HIV/AIDS epidemic on net fertility in SSA. 相似文献
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Raouf Boucekkine Marc Germain Omar Licandro Alphonse Magnus 《Journal of Economic Growth》1998,3(4):361-384
In this article, a new numerical procedure is used to compute the equilibrium of a vintage capital growth model with nonlinear utility, where the scrapping time is nonconstant. We show that equilibrium investment and output converge nonmonotonically to the balanced growth path due to replacement echoes. We find that the average age of capital is inversely related to output, which is consistent with recent micro evidence reinforcing the importance of the embodied question. We also find that an unanticipated permanent increase in the rate of embodied technological progress causes labor productivity to slowdown in the short run. 相似文献
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Raouf Boucekkine David de la Croix Omar Licandro 《The Scandinavian journal of economics》2003,105(3):401-418
We explore the hypothesis that demographic changes which began in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries are at the root of the acceleration in growth rates at the dawn of the modern age. During this period, life tables for Geneva and Venice show a decline in adult mortality; French marriage registers reveal an important increase in literacy; historians measure an acceleration of economic growth. We develop an endogenous growth model with a realistic survival law in which rising longevity increases individual incentives to invest in education and fosters growth. We quantitatively estimate that the observed improvements in adult mortality account for 70% of the growth acceleration in the pre‐industrial age. 相似文献
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