全文获取类型
收费全文 | 24053篇 |
免费 | 445篇 |
国内免费 | 1篇 |
专业分类
财政金融 | 4585篇 |
工业经济 | 1705篇 |
计划管理 | 3562篇 |
经济学 | 5283篇 |
综合类 | 380篇 |
运输经济 | 175篇 |
旅游经济 | 432篇 |
贸易经济 | 3640篇 |
农业经济 | 1253篇 |
经济概况 | 3427篇 |
信息产业经济 | 1篇 |
邮电经济 | 56篇 |
出版年
2021年 | 133篇 |
2020年 | 244篇 |
2019年 | 407篇 |
2018年 | 492篇 |
2017年 | 501篇 |
2016年 | 514篇 |
2015年 | 287篇 |
2014年 | 527篇 |
2013年 | 2449篇 |
2012年 | 711篇 |
2011年 | 797篇 |
2010年 | 664篇 |
2009年 | 745篇 |
2008年 | 720篇 |
2007年 | 626篇 |
2006年 | 565篇 |
2005年 | 478篇 |
2004年 | 505篇 |
2003年 | 453篇 |
2002年 | 505篇 |
2001年 | 440篇 |
2000年 | 457篇 |
1999年 | 436篇 |
1998年 | 404篇 |
1997年 | 416篇 |
1996年 | 411篇 |
1995年 | 357篇 |
1994年 | 367篇 |
1993年 | 399篇 |
1992年 | 408篇 |
1991年 | 401篇 |
1990年 | 329篇 |
1989年 | 301篇 |
1988年 | 291篇 |
1987年 | 302篇 |
1986年 | 309篇 |
1985年 | 468篇 |
1984年 | 433篇 |
1983年 | 400篇 |
1982年 | 376篇 |
1981年 | 345篇 |
1980年 | 390篇 |
1979年 | 318篇 |
1978年 | 270篇 |
1977年 | 256篇 |
1976年 | 198篇 |
1975年 | 242篇 |
1974年 | 193篇 |
1973年 | 188篇 |
1972年 | 133篇 |
排序方式: 共有10000条查询结果,搜索用时 2 毫秒
211.
This article examines judicial and administrative rulings and legislation involving or related to the issue of drug testing in the workplace. It discusses the rights of employees in the public and private sector: constitutional rights; federal, state, and local statutory rights; rights of unionized employees; and common law rights. It analyzes both the current state of the law and future directions the law may take, as courts and administrative agencies decide more cases and governmental bodies continue to pass drug testing legislation. 相似文献
212.
Bouhnik Sylvain Golany Boaz Passy Ury Hackman Steven T. Vlatsa Dimitra A. 《Journal of Productivity Analysis》2001,16(3):241-261
We propose an extension to the basic DEA models that guarantees that if an intensity is positive then it must be at least as large as a pre-defined lower bound. This requirement adds an integer programming constraint known within Operations Research as a Fixed-Charge (FC) type of constraint. Accordingly, we term the new model DEA_FC. The proposed model lies between the DEA models that allow units to be scaled arbitrarily low, and the Free Disposal Hull model that allows no scaling. We analyze 18 datasets from the literature to demonstrate that sufficiently low intensities—those for which the scaled Decision-Making Unit (DMU) has inputs and outputs that lie below the minimum values observed—are pervasive, and that the new model ensures fairer comparisons without sacrificing the required discriminating power. We explain why the low-intensity phenomenon exists. In sharp contrast to standard DEA models we demonstrate via examples that an inefficient DMU may play a pivotal role in determining the technology. We also propose a goal programming model that determines how deviations from the lower bounds affect efficiency, which we term the trade-off between the deviation gap and the efficiency gap. 相似文献
213.
This paper focuses on: (1) how a select set of financial and economic factors could set the path for interest rates and foreign exchange rates, and (2) whether the resultant realized interest and exchange rates would be in harmony or in disarray. Using post-euro data for the EU and the US, an array of monetary rules is examined. In particular, the paper investigates whether the original and the extended Taylor rules provide an explanation of the dynamics of the EU monetary system since the inception of the euro. Our findings indicate that the EU and the US monetary responses are not the same and that exchange rates play a significant role. 相似文献
214.
J. Castellano-Paulis A. Hernández-Mendo Verónica Morales-Sánchez M. T. Anguera-Argilaga 《Quality and Quantity》2007,41(1):93-104
We present a probabilistic model based on the one developed by Hernández Mendo and Anguera (Revista de Psicologíca Social,
16(1), 71–93, 2001). Here we have tried to break down the interaction contexts that the opposing teams are able to generate
and transform during the game. We are aware that a given player or team does not produce consistent behaviour in similar situations.
However, a degree of uncertainty is assumed to exist regarding whether the results obtained are a specific function of the
analysis used. In order to carry out this research a category system which optimized that used in the previous model was developed.
This system should enable the interaction between teams to be observed within the actual play of a soccer game. A lag sequential
analysis was performed on the basis of a coding of the behavioural flow. After describing the behavioural patterns obtained
a probabilistic model of the development of play in soccer is proposed. 相似文献
215.
Akhavein Jalal D. Swamy P. A. V. B. Taubman Stephen B. Singamsetti Rao N. 《Journal of Productivity Analysis》1997,8(1):71-93
This article develops a new method of estimating inefficiencies in joint production and shows that unlike the approaches utilized in the previous studies of inefficiency, this method maintains a consistent relationship between the error term of a profit function and the error terms of its price derivatives. A useful by-product of the method is a proof of a Hotelling-like lemma that relates stochastic input demand and output supply functions to stochastic profit functions. While the previous studies fit a single frontier to data on all firms, this paper estimates a frontier unique to every observed firm to allow each one to have a different potential of achieving maximal levels of profit. The new method is applied in the analysis of annual data, 1984–1989, for U.S. commercial banks. Both the analytical and numerical results of the paper show that the residual that the previous studies attribute to inefficiency includes the effects of excluded variables and of inaccuracies in the specified functional forms. Once accurate estimates of these effects are subtracted from the residual, the distortions in the measured inefficiencies should be considerably reduced. Consequently, this article considers how such estimates might be obtained. 相似文献
216.
Jeannie Gaines Theresa A. Domagalski 《Employee Responsibilities and Rights Journal》1996,9(3):177-192
A dialectical relationship exists between the capitalist desire for accumulation of wealth and profits, and the rights of
employees. Labor process theory exposes facets of the fundamental incongruity between the interests of employers and workers
in a capitalist political economy. An analysis of employee rights through the labor process framework facilitates the potential
for human emancipation by illuminating the ideological, political, and economic sources of domination and repression that
are embedded in the capitalist system. In this article, three core elements of labor process theory—the social relations of
production, the managerial control imperative, and the restructuring of work—are used to highlight ways in which organizations
maintain their hegemonic position. This exposé offers the basis for an alternative paradigmatic view of the employment relationship
and informs our thinking of how employee rights are impacted, and often tempered, in work organizations.
Portions of this article were presented by both authors at the 12th Annual International Labour Process Conference March,
1994 in Birmingham, England. 相似文献
217.
Applying efficiency measurement techniques to the measurement of productivity change 总被引:1,自引:3,他引:1
C. A. Knox Lovell 《Journal of Productivity Analysis》1996,7(2-3):329-340
Deterministic frontier analysis (DFA), stochastic frontier analysis (SFA), and data envelopment analysis (DEA) are alternative analytical techniques designed to measure the efficiency of producers. All three techniques were originally developed within a cross-sectional context, in which the objective is to compare the efficiencies of producers. More recently all three techniques have been extended for use in a panel data context. In the latter context it is possible to measure productivity change, and to decompose measured productivity change into its sources, one of which is efficiency change. However when efficiency measurement techniques, particularly SFA, have been applied to panel data, it has infrequently been made clear what the objective of the analysis is: the measurement of efficiency, which may vary through time as well as across producers, or the measurement and decomposition of productivity change. In this paper I explore the use of each technique in a panel data context. I find DFA and DEA to have achieved a more satisfactory reorientation toward productivity measurement than SFA has. 相似文献
218.
219.
Polyhedral combinatorics is a subarea of combinatorial optimization of increasing practical importance. It deals with the application of the theory of linear systems and linear algebra to combinatorial problems. The paper is not intended as a survey on polyhedral combinatorics but it reviews some of the main concepts and proof techniques. 相似文献
220.
Abstract In this paper we propose distribution-free treatments versus control tests for the one- and two-way classifications. The null distribution properties are shown to be equivalent to those of well-known statistics for which critical values have been extensively tabled. Asymptotic relative efficiencies with respect to corresponding normal theory competitors are derived and optimal designs for the allocation of experimental units to the treatments and control are obtained. 相似文献