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621.
Adrian Kay 《公共资金与管理》2001,21(4):51-54
For many years drug price regulation posed few public management problems. However, the overall NHS drugs budget has been increasing by almost 9% per annum over the past decade. Governments in the 1990s tried to control this growth by introducing new pharmaceutical policy instruments. This has led to an element of instability in the regulation of the pharmaceutical industry, which is affecting NHS financial programming, as well as R&D investment decisions by companies. This article recommends the creation of an office for drug regulation (an 'OFDRUG') to reintroduce stability into pharmaceutical policy. 相似文献
622.
Adrian R. Fleissig 《Empirical Economics》1997,22(1):1-13
This paper uses the dynamic Laurent demand system to jointly estimate the service flows from durable and nondurable goods. The parameter estimates are used to obtain the Morishima elasticity of substitution between goods for the United States from 1960:1 to 1991:4. One of the significant results of this study is that the Morishima elasticities of substitution vary over time instead of being constant. This result implies that the use of the CES functional form gives a poor approximation of the demand system for the data used in this paper. Another important result is that consumers adjust to their long-run equilibrium holding of consumption goods slowly rather than quickly. 相似文献
623.
624.
Adrian Wilkinson Mick Marchington John Goodman Peter Ackers 《Human Resource Management Journal》1992,2(4):1-20
Adrian Wilkinson and his colleagues discuss the growing importance of quality management in the UK, outline the basic principles of TQM, and examine its implications for employee involvement. They suggest that there are contradictions between the ‘hard’ and ‘soft’ sides of TQM. This can be exemplified in the relationship between TQM and employee involvement which has not been fully explored. Drawing on a major programme of research on employee involvement, three cases are analysed. They argue that the links between TQM and employee involvement are more complex than the TQM literature would have us believe and there are tensions between employee involvement and TQM. Finally, there is a wider discussion of the subject which analyses a number of constraints on the implementation of TQM in the UK. Adrian Wilkinson, Mick Marchington and John Goodman are respectively Lecturer, Senior Lecturer and Professor in the School of Management at the University of Manchester Institute of Science and Technology. Peter Ackers is a Lecturer at Loughborough University Business School. 相似文献
625.
Sang-Rim?Choi Daekeun?Park Adrian?E.?TschoeglEmail author 《Review of World Economics》2003,139(3):550-568
We update earlier articles on the determinants of interpenetration of financial centers by banks and analyze the substantial
changes that have occurred between 1990 and 2000. First, the number of banks and the number of offices in other centers has
fallen by over 20 percent since 1990. Second, aggregate interconnectedness has held steady between 1990 and 2000, though there
is an increasing asymmetry. Third, Tokyo has lost rank as a center, while Hong Kong and Singapore have continued to gain importance.
Fourth, Frankfurt, rather than gaining importance with the advent of the euro, has apparently lost importance. Lastly, some
explicit or implicit agreements between banks from different countries not to compete in each other's markets have continued
to wane, though intra-European interpenetration remains relatively low. JEL no. F30, G15, G21 相似文献
626.
This paper discusses the findings of research carried out into the application of market segmentation in the charity sector. Four hundred and ten of the top performing charities (as ranked by income from voluntary donations) were surveyed to determine what techniques of segmentation they apply to their database. They were also asked to indicate how this information is used to inform and determine appropriate fundraising strategies. The findings show that with the exception of a few large organisations, the concept of market segmentation is as yet not utilised to its full potential in the development of successful fundraising strategy. 相似文献
627.
628.
Shelagh Gaskill Peter MacIntyre William Malcolm Adrian Hackett 《Journal of Financial Services Marketing》2001,5(4):356-361
The development of communications technology in recent years has led to an expansion in ‘cold calling’, particularly as a means of selling financial services. While encouraging new entrants into the market and thereby increasing consumer choice and competitive prices, this is often viewed as an infringement of personal privacy. This paper attempts to reconcile the complex legal framework that has been put in place to restrict the use of unsolicited direct marketing and to show how, through the use of a carefully drafted data protection notice, the direct marketing of financial services may be conducted lawfully. 相似文献
629.
630.
This paper investigates the reasons for and implications of the recent merger between three of the largest unions in the retail finance sector, creating UNIFI. Recent union mergers have been explained by environmental changes adversely affecting membership and finances. These prompt leaders to consider merger as an appropriate organizational solution. Mergers are successfully concluded when leaders are able to overcome internal resistance and develop acceptable outcomes. We examine whether these factors are sufficient to explain how the merger between the national banking union and two large company‐based staff unions was concluded, given longstanding institutional rivalry. 相似文献