Contracting with Present-Biased Consumers in Insurance Markets

Present bias challenges consumers with self-control problems when they implement precautionary efforts in insurance markets. To explore how rational insurance companies respond to this bias, this paper analyzes a contract design problem in a monopolistic insurance market with ex ante moral hazard. We consider two types of consumers with this bias: the “naifs”, who do not foresee the present bias and make decisions in a myopic way, and the “sophisticates”, who foresee the bias and incorporate it in the decision process. Relative to the benchmark case where consumers are time-consistent, we show that (i) present bias reduces the monopoly profit, regardless of the consumer type; (ii) present bias can either reduce or increase the coverage of the profit-maximizing insurance contract depending on the extent of the bias; and (iii) when present bias is severe, the insurance company can profitably exploit naifs but not sophisticates. These results still hold when consumers are heterogeneous and their types are unknown to the insurance company.     

在沪中外资银行竞争力比较研究

基于企业能力理论,本文对在沪15家中外资银行竞争力水平进行实证研究。研究结果表明,外资银行整体竞争力强于中资银行,中资银行在客户资源、资产规模、网点等总量方面竞争优势明显,外资银行则在风险控制、成本控制、金融创新、人才培育等方面竞争优势突出。在中资银行内部,股份制银行的竞争力全面优于地方性银行。在外资银行内部,来自亚洲新兴市场的外资银行竞争力整体强于来自欧美市场的外资银行。中外资银行竞争优势具有较强的互补性,相互学习和借鉴有助于提高中国银行业整体竞争力水平。根据实证结果,总结了中外资银行竞争力优势和不足形成的原因,并就中资银行竞争力培育提出了政策建议。     

基于嵌入性结构的供应链联盟形成机理研究

在对供应链嵌入性结构以及供应链嵌入性结构中企业之间关系的变化进行分析的基础上,探讨了供应链联盟的形成机理,并运用案例进行了实证分析。     

"城市夜规划"初探——"广州城市夜景照明体系规划研究"引发的思考

在对城市夜规划的本质、目的及其在城市规划体系中的地位进行了一系列讨论之后,分析并描述了城市空间在昼间和夜间的明显差异,探讨了城市夜规划研究的基本思路和方法,认为重视城市夜规划有利于促进城市空间的混合使用.     

谈三维目标在体校教学管理中的落实

《新课程标准》提出的三维目标的第三维度是:情感、态度和价值观,本文主要针对如何在体育教学中体现这三个维度目标的问题进行了详细的分析和讨论。     

关于电子商务税收若干问题的探析

电子商务是在计算机互联网的支持下所展开的商务活动,从上世纪90年代至今,电子商务发展如火如荼,对促进我国经济的发展起着很大的作用,目前我国电子商务还缺乏相应的法律规范,特别是电子商务税收问题亟待解决。本文主要分析电子商务税收的现状、难点,并提出应对措施。     

人口预期寿命与退休年龄

人口寿命的不断延长给中国养老事业带来越来越大的压力.文章在两期交叠世代模型的基础上引入退休,在市场完全竞争、充分就业和政府能够控制退休年龄的假设前提下,在个人、企业和政府的行为以及资本市场均衡的层面构建了一般均衡的模型框架,从社会计划者的角度发现福利最大化下的人口预期寿命变化和退休年龄是正相关的,并呈现出负反比例的函数形式.文章还基于参数估计和赋值模拟的方法,求解出了人口预期寿命与退休年龄的调整算法,并以此给出了两者间的调整对照表.根据计算的结果和预期的寿命,建议2030年前逐步将退休年龄延长至65岁.最后通过检验发现,如果不存在人口预期寿命和退休年龄之间的调整机制,在保持养老金收支平衡的前提下,预期寿命的延长将减少养老金的发放,并可能带来社会福利的损失.因此,在中国人口预期寿命不断延长的背景下,建议政府考虑建立人口预期寿命和退休年龄的调整机制.     

浅谈施工管理办法与模式

随着国内基础设施建设的大兴开展,逐步走向完善的现场施工管理的现代化,科学化方法对施工质量,成本控制以及施工效率的重要性慢慢引起相关负责单位的重视.本文分别从宏观,以及具体方面分别对工程现代化管理模式与方法进行分析.     

Growth to value: Option exercise and the cross section of equity returns

We propose a general equilibrium model to study the link between the cross section of expected returns and book-to-market characteristics. We model two primitive assets: value assets and growth assets that are options on assets in place. The cost of option exercise, which is endogenously determined in equilibrium, is highly procyclical and acts as a hedge against risks in assets in place. Consequently, growth options are less risky than value assets, and the model features a value premium. Our model incorporates long-run risks in aggregate consumption and replicates the empirical failure of the conditional capital asset pricing model (CAPM) prediction. The model also quantitatively accounts for the pattern in mean returns on book-to-market sorted portfolios, the magnitude of the CAPM-alphas, and other stylized features of the cross-sectional data.     

Theoretical and experimental investigations of the performance of keyword auction mechanisms

Two keyword auction mechanisms, the Generalized Second‐Price auction (GSP) and the Vickrey‐Clarke‐Groves mechanism (VCG), were compared theoretically and experimentally. The former is widely used in practice; the latter is not, but it has a dominant strategy equilibrium where all participants bid their true values. In the theoretical investigation, by applying the “locally envy‐free Nash equilibrium” to the VCG, we found that the allocations are efficient and that upper and lower bounds of the auctioneer's revenue coincide in the two mechanisms. A laboratory experiment, in which the revenues and efficiencies were similar in both mechanisms, supported this result.