Science,technology, innovation,theory and evidence: the new institutionality in Colombia

Quality & Quantity - It is widely recognized that the design and application of suitable and robust science, technology and innovation (STI) policies and appropriate STI institutions promote...     

Ein innovativer Regulierungsansatz zur Belebung des Wettbewerbs im Schienenpersonenfernverkehr

Wirtschaftsdienst - Im Schienenpersonenfernverkehr bestehen trotz Bahnstrukturreform weiterhin hohe Markteintrittsbarrieren. Der Wettbewerb im Nah- und Schienengüterverkehr ist im Vergleich...     

Clark's Malthus delusion: response to ‘Farming in England 1200–1800’

Clark's claims about the scale of English agricultural output from the 1200s to the 1860s flout historical and geographical reality. His income‐based estimates start with the daily real wages of adult males and assume that days worked per year were constant. Those advanced in British economic growth make no such assumption and instead are built up from the output side. They correlate better with population trends and are consistent with an economy slowly growing and becoming richer. Clark's denial that such growth occurred, his assertion that substantially more land must have been under arable cultivation, his belief that conditions of full employment invariably prevailed in the countryside at harvest time, his concern that the wage bill would have exceeded the value of output in British economic growth, his refusal to consider the possibility that the working year was of variable length, and his assertion that output per acre must have been equalized across arable and pasture are all shown to be figments of his ‘Malthus delusion’.     

Some Challenges for Reformers and Architects

In these brief concluding remarks, I confine myself to a few reflections on some of the themes that have been broached today, without much reference to individual authors or comments, as it would be impossible to summarize everything that has been said at this conference about the new architecture of the international monetary system.     

Einige Bemerkungen zur Theorie der Planwirtschaft

Ohne ZusammenfassungDie folgenden Ausführungen stellen in erweiterter Form den Vortrag dar, den ich am 17. Februar 1938 in der Nationalökonomischen Gesellschaft in Wien gehalten habe.     

Industry restructuring and regulation: Building a base for sustainable growth - lessons from Latin America

The potential for economic growth of nations is related to the state of their infrastructure. In this connection, it has been estimated that one percent growth in GDP requires an investment of one percent of GDP in energy, transportation, telecommunications, and water and sanitation infrastructure.