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11.
Conclusion In the guise of ABB Daimler-Benz Transportation and Siemens, Germany has two powerful systems suppliers in a good position to keep pace with other systems suppliers on global markets. As in the air-travel industry it is conceivable that developments are moving towards a uniform rail technology. Although the buy national principle still dominates procurement practices, and national egos still dominate the development of rail systems (ICE, TGV), growing competition from Japan could force Europe to develop a European system. This would significantly increase the chances of European industry in bidding for international contracts. For this reason the EU should not relent in its efforts to standardise European rail systems. 相似文献
12.
13.
Alfred E. Osborne 《The Review of Black Political Economy》1976,7(1):85-92
Conclusion These very positive gains in economic well-being for certain categories of black families do not surprise us. Those in which
the head is under 35 and live in the North and the West have had relatively more opportunity open to them as a result of some
of the strong enforcement policies of the late sixties and affirmative action programs. This group of the black population,
by and large, is better educated, more mobile, and more job-ready. It is, therefore, in a position to be more productive and
thereby earn relatively higher incomes when society relaxes some of its discriminating tendencies. No such advantages, however,
are available to the households headed by females or older households which comprise the overwhelming members of families
in poverty. 相似文献
14.
Analysts in a bank’s research department cover firms that have no relationship with the bank as well as companies in which
the bank has a strategic interest. Officially, banks must establish Chinese Walls around their research departments to allow
the analysts to work independently and to avoid the flow of insider information. We examine analyst behavior under long-term
bank-firm relationships using ownership data and analysts’ earnings per share forecasts for German companies from 1994 to
2001. We find evidence that is consistent with analysts reconciling their employers’ interests with their own career concerns.
They seem to use their information advantage strategically by releasing favorable and thereby more precise reports when the
market underestimates earnings. In order not to jeopardize the bank-client relationship, they suppress negative information
when the market is too optimistic. Combining situations where the market over- and underestimates earnings, we can replicate
the unconditional positive bias in analyst forecasts found in the previous literature. Despite the bias in affiliated analysts’
forecasts, they nonetheless selectively communicate valuable information to investors.
*We gratefully acknowledge the contribution of I/B/E/S International Inc. for providing earnings per share forecast data.
This data has been provided as part of a broad academic program to encourage earnings expectations research. We thankfully
acknowledge financial support from the Austrian National Bank (OeNB) under the Jubil?umsfonds grant number 8523. We thank
Werner Antweiler, Michael Halling, Helmut Elsinger, Evelyn Hayden, Greg Hebb, Cornelia Kullmann, Kai Li, Colin Mayer, Stefan
Pichler, Duane Seppi, Alex Stomper, Neal Stoghton, Michael Stutzer, Suresh Sundaresan, Yishay Yafeh, Josef Zechner, Christine
Zulehner, an anonymous referee, and seminar participants at UBC, the Northern Finance Association meetings, the Western Finance
Association meetings, and the European Finance Association meetings for helpful comments and Eva Smolen for excellent research
assistance. 相似文献
15.
Partners must engage in integrative interaction in order to combine diverse expertise and experiences into effective learning. Results from 103 pairs of customer and supplier organizations in China indicate that trust and vertical coordination are useful ways to characterize this integrative interaction and together they promote learning. Structural equation analysis suggests that collectivist but not individualist values are important foundations for integrative interaction between partners that result in learning. These findings were interpreted as reaffirming the value of effective relationships for coordination between partners and suggesting that collectivist values can be a source of effective organizational relationships. 相似文献
16.
This paper examines takeover and divestiture activity at the industry level for the population of UK firms over the period 1986–2000. Consistent with US research, takeovers in the UK cluster both across industries and over time. The evidence for divestitures indicates clustering across industries only. The paper further investigates whether broad and specific industry shocks (e.g., growth, free cash flow, concentration, deregulation, foreign competition, technology, stock market performance) explain takeover and divestiture clustering at the industry level. The results suggest that broad shocks increase (decrease) the likelihood of takeovers (divestitures), although not significantly for takeovers. Specific industry shocks that increase the likelihood of takeover activity include low growth, the threat of foreign competition and high stock market performance. For divestitures, high industry concentration and deregulation increase activity. Little evidence is found for deregulation as a significant factor in explaining takeover activity. 相似文献
17.
Arnaud Dupuy Alfred Galichon Sonia Jaffe Scott Duke Kominers 《International Economic Review》2020,61(4):1591-1634
We analyze the effects of taxation in two-sided matching markets where agents have heterogeneous preferences over potential partners. Our model provides a continuous link between models of matching with and without transfers. Taxes generate inefficiency on the allocative margin, by changing who matches with whom. This allocative inefficiency can be nonmonotonic, but is weakly increasing in the tax rate under linear taxation if each worker has negative nonpecuniary utility of working. We adapt existing econometric methods for markets without taxes to our setting, and estimate preferences in the college-coach football market. We show through simulations that standard methods inaccurately measure deadweight loss. 相似文献
18.
19.
The purpose of this article is to determine market orientation’s relative impact on small-business performance, compared to
other influences, in an integrated model using longitudinal data. Contrary to expectations based on the management literature,
the results indicate weak causal relationships between market environment, small-firm structure, and small-firm strategy.
The results further indicate weak influences of these variables, but strong and consistent influences of market orientation,
on various measures of small-firm performance. Contrary to expectations based on business policy literature, relative product
quality and new product success were not significant influences on profitability, perhaps due to the significant influence
of market orientation on these variables. In addition, although increases in growth/share had a significant short-term influence
on increases in profitability, high levels of previous years’ firm growth/share had a negative influence on current profitability.
The previous year’s level of firm coordinating systems and market competitive intensity has a significant impact on the level
of small-firm market orientation. 相似文献
20.
澳大利亚个人理财业的发展与启示 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
20世纪80年代以来,个人理财业的迅速扩张使得澳大利亚个人理财业发生了根本的变化.与澳大利亚相比,中国个人理财业正处于早期形成阶段,加强理财的教育培训,构建合理的理财经营模式,进行严格的金融监管对个人理财业健康发展十分重要. 相似文献