Interaction effects of restructuring decisions on operating profit following performance shocks

This paper examines the interaction effects of restructuring activities for a sample of Australian firms experiencing significant declines in operating performance. Our sample firms respond to performance shocks with both financial and corporate restructuring and they achieve significant improvements in operating profits in each of the first 3 years following the shocks. We find that financial and corporate restructuring have both contemporaneous and lagged impact on operating performance. Most importantly, we show that the interaction of restructuring events has a strong influence on the corporate recovery process. We conclude that financial and corporate restructuring play complementary as well as interactive role in reversing a declining trend in operating profits.     

Economic Growth,Public Debt and Welfare: Comparing Three Budgetary Rules

Abstract. We present an endogenous growth model with externalities of capital and elastic labor supply where we allow for public debt and welfare‐enhancing public spending. We analyze different debt policies as regards convergence to a balanced growth path and their effects on long‐run growth and welfare. Three budgetary rules are considered: the balanced budget rule, a budgetary rule where debt grows in the long run but at a rate lower than the balanced growth rate and a rule where public debt grows at the same rate as all other economic variables but where it guarantees that the intertemporal budget constraint is fulfilled.     

The money-age distribution: Empirical facts and the limits of three monetary models

The money-age distribution is hump-shaped for the US post-war economy. There is no clear-cut relation between the variation of money holdings within generations and age. Furthermore, money is found to be only weakly correlated with both income and wealth. We analyze three motives for money demand in an overlapping generations setup in order to explain these observations: (1) money-in-the-utility, (2) an economy with costly credit service, and (3) limited-participation. All three models are consistent with the hump-shaped relation between average money holdings and age, yet they predict a much closer association between money holdings, income, wealth, and age than we find in the data. Only the limited-participation model partly replicates the low bivariate correlation between money and income as well as between money and interest-bearing assets. None of the three models satisfactorily explains these stylized facts.     

Support for contracting-out and public-private partnership: exploring citizens’ perspectives

ABSTRACT

Many studies have evaluated the merits and challenges of contracting-out and public-private partnership (PPP). However, few studies have examined citizens’ views of these alternative service-delivery mechanisms and what factors influence their views. Using results from a citizen survey of a mid-sized US city, the present study investigates how consumerism, the citizenry framework, and symbolic institutionalism influence public support for contracting-out and PPP. Our findings show that symbolic institutionalism provides the most significant and consistent explanation of public support for the mechanisms. Implications for public management practices and future research, especially on creating and capturing value through PPP, are discussed.     

An investigation into Austrian export pricing: Price taking or price setting of a small open economy?

Zusammenfassung Aufgrund der existierenden empirischen Belege wird Österreichs Exportindustrie überwiegend als Preisnehmer auf Auslandsmärkten angesehen. Dies entspricht auch der populären Kleines-Land-Annahme theoretischer Formulierungen. In der bisher detailliertesten einschlägigen Untersuchung schließt dagegenMarin (1983) auf Basis eines Aufschlagspreismodells auf vornehmliche Preissetzerschaft österreichischer Exporteure.In der vorliegenden Arbeit wird einleitend gezeigt, daß die Existenz positiver Aufschläge auf die Durchschnittskosten für die kurze Frist mit unterschiedlichen Marktformen, sowohl mit unvollkommenem wie auch vollkommenem Wettbewerb, vereinbar ist. Ein Test auf Aufschlagspreissetzung ist daher kein entsprechendes Diskriminierungskriterium. Für die eigene Untersuchung wird deshalb explizit von bestimmten Marktformen ausgegangen, für die entsprechende Preisgleichungen abgeleitet werden. Auf dieser Grundlage werden die ökonometrischen Tests auf relativ niedrigem Aggregationsniveau (Basis: 48-Sektoren-Input-Output-Tabelle) durchgeführt.Dabei lassen sich etwa fünf Branchen als Preisnehmer, maximal vier als oligopolistische Preissetzer und etwa sechs Sektoren in quasi-monopolistischer Marktstruktur identifizieren. Weitere Resultate können als Hinweis aufgefaßt werden, daß die letzten beiden Branchengruppen allerdings aur Märkten mit relativ geringen Preissetzungsspielräumen agieren. Eine Sichtung der zugeordneten Branchen zeigt, daß einerseits vor allem Grundstoffindustrien als Preisnehmer und andererseits eher Branchen mit höherem Verarbeitungsgrad als Preissetzer anzusehen sind.

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We would like to thank the anonymous referees for valuable comments on the paper and J. Richter who kindly provided a large set of disaggregate export and import price data. The usual proviso applies.     

The failure of economism in western and eastern integration policy

The proposition that economic integration can help to smooth the way to political integration has been described by Wilhelm Röpke on many occasions as a dangerous manifestation of economism¹. The experience of the EC and the CMEA tends to bear out this opinion.     

Rezensionen

Ohne Zusammenfassung     

The development of economic self‐sufficiency among former welfare recipients: lessons learned from Wisconsin’s welfare to work program

In 1996, the US Congress passed the Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Reconciliation Act, changing the culture of welfare from a system of dependency to one of personal responsibility and economic self‐sufficiency through workplace participation. Through the expert views of case managers and area employers of Wisconsin, this research sought to identify the problems and barriers to self‐sufficiency among former welfare recipients and other low‐income workers and the effectiveness of services and programs available to address these barriers. The study found situational barriers, education and learning experience barriers, personal issues and disabilities to impede the development of low‐income workers. The services found to promote the development of economic self‐sufficiency among former welfare recipients were support services, educational and learning programs, employer intervention services and counseling services. The findings suggest that these services could be expanded and made more effective through the collaborative efforts of welfare reform agencies, employers, educational institutions and community‐based organizations.     

Environmental Liability Law and Induced Technical Change – The Role of Discounting

We analyse the incentives of environmental liability law for inducing progress to emission abatement technology. We consider three liability rules: strict liability, a negligence rule with an emission norm as the due care standard, and a double negligence rule which combines the emission standard with an abatement technology norm. In the case of distortive discounting, i.e. where the private discount rate deviates from the social one, we show, how the level of distortion influences the ranking of liability rules, according to the criterion of generated social cost.