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71.
Alexander E. Ellinger Ay?e Banu Elmada? Ba? Andrea D. Ellinger Yu-Lin Wang Daniel G. Bachrach 《Journal of Business Research》2011,64(6):572-578
This paper describes the development and validation of a measure of organizational investments in social capital (OISC). The scale development process is carried out over three stages (item generation, scale purification, scale validation), with two separate data collection phases involving a total of 735 working adults from multiple and diverse service-related workplace settings. As such, the data provide evidence for the face, content, discriminant, convergent and nomological validity, dimensionality and reliability of the OISC measure. The OISC measure is a concise, unidimensional scale that has the potential for significant usage in the development and testing of theory, as well as practical application in retail and other service provision contexts. 相似文献
72.
Johanna?KujalaEmail author Anna-Maija?L?ms? Katriina?Penttil? 《Journal of Business Ethics》2011,100(2):191-207
Taking multidimensional ethics scale approach, this article describes an empirical survey of top managers’ moral decision-making
patterns and their change from 1994 to 2004 during morally problematic situations in the Finnish context. The survey questionnaire
consisted of four moral dilemmas and a multidimensional scale with six ethical dimensions: justice, deontology, relativism,
utilitarianism, egoism and female ethics. The managers evaluated their decision-making in the problems using the multidimensional
ethics scale. Altogether 880 questionnaires were analysed statistically. It is concluded that relying on the utilitarian principles
is a core ethical evaluation criterion amongst top business managers in Finland. This study proves that managers’ moral decision-making
patterns change over time. According to the results of this research, managers’ moral decision-making became more multidimensional
during the study period. The change is explained by (1) the inclusion of female ethics items in the scale which allows managers
to show more diversity in their decision- making, (2) the change in the Finnish economic context from depression to economic
prosperity and growth during the study period, which is conducive to the spread of post materialist values, such as the importance
of social relations and (3) the increasing public discussion of the importance ethical issues in business. 相似文献
73.
74.
75.
Introducing Environmental Variables in Nonparametric Frontier Models: a Probabilistic Approach 总被引:10,自引:2,他引:10
This paper proposes a general formulation of a nonparametric frontier model introducing external environmental factors that might influence the production process but are neither inputs nor outputs under the control of the producer. A representation is proposed in terms of a probabilistic model which defines the data generating process. Our approach extends the basic ideas from Cazals et al. (2002) to the full multivariate case. We introduce the concepts of conditional efficiency measure and of conditional efficiency measure of order-m. Afterwards we suggest a practical way for computing the nonparametric estimators. Finally, a simple methodology to investigate the influence of these external factors on the production process is proposed. Numerical illustrations through some simulated examples and through a real data set on Mutual Funds show the usefulness of the approach.JEL Classification: C13, C14, D20 相似文献
76.
This article presents the empirical Bayes method for estimation of the transition probabilities of a generalized finite stationary Markov chain whose ith state is a multi-way contingency table. We use a log-linear model to describe the relationship between factors in each state. The prior knowledge about the main effects and interactions will be described by a conjugate prior. Following the Bayesian paradigm, the Bayes and empirical Bayes estimators relative to various loss functions are obtained. These procedures are illustrated by a real example. Finally, asymptotic normality of the empirical Bayes estimators are established. 相似文献
77.
A dynamic system for change of fish stock is formulated assuming that two asymmetric rival countries harvest fish from a common fishing ground and sell it in an imperfectly competitive market. The existence of a unique stable steady state is examined based on the dynamic system. Comparative static analysis is conducted in relation to changes in national fishing management policies to explore, among other things, rent-shifting from one country to another. 相似文献
78.
Vithala?R.?Rao S.?Abraham Ravid Richard?T.?Gretz Jialie?Chen Suman?Basuroy 《Marketing Letters》2017,28(3):341-355
We analyze the contents of print ads in the motion picture industry (e.g., number of reviews quoted in the ad, the presence of a top reviewer, size of the ad, star, director, etc.). We find that external validation (a recommendation by a top reviewer) is more important to revenues than the informative content of the ad. 相似文献
79.
This paper starts from the stylized fact that firm size and exporting tends to be positively related. Using large sets of
establishment panel data for three different industries from official statistics, evidence is presented that the familiar
picture of an export/sales ratio that increases (at a decreasing rate) with firm size vanishes if unobserved firm heterogeneity
is controlled for in a fixed-effects fractional logit regression model. This finding is well in line with the fact that many
small firms are “hidden export champions.” JEL no. F10, D21, L60 相似文献
80.
We analyze firms’ location choices in a Hotelling model with two-dimensional consumer heterogeneity, along addresses and transport cost parameters (flexibility). Firms can price discriminate based on perfect data on consumer addresses and (possibly) imperfect data on consumer flexibility. We show that firms’ location choices depend on how strongly consumers differ in flexibility. Precisely, when consumers are relatively homogeneous, equilibrium locations are socially optimal regardless of the quality of customer flexibility data. However, when consumers are relatively differentiated, firms make socially optimal location choices only when customer flexibility data becomes perfect. These results are driven by the optimal strategy of a firm on its turf, monopolization or market-sharing, which in turn depends on consumer heterogeneity in flexibility. Our analysis is motivated by the availability of customer data, which allows firms to practice third-degree price discrimination based on both consumer characteristics relevant in spatial competition, addresses and transport cost parameters. 相似文献