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21.
Credit risk transfer and contagion 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
Some have argued that recent increases in credit risk transfer are desirable because they improve the diversification of risk. Others have suggested that they may be undesirable if they increase the risk of financial crises. Using a model with banking and insurance sectors, we show that credit risk transfer can be beneficial when banks face uniform demand for liquidity. However, when they face idiosyncratic liquidity risk and hedge this risk in an interbank market, credit risk transfer can be detrimental to welfare. It can lead to contagion between the two sectors and increase the risk of crises. 相似文献
22.
The loan market is a hybrid between a public and a private market, comprised of financial institutions with access to private
information about borrowing firms. We test whether this is reflected in informationally efficient price formation in the loan
market vis-a-vis the equity markets, and reject this private information hypothesis. We also reject a liquidity hypothesis which suggests that equity markets always lead loan markets, despite bank lenders' access to private information, because
of greater liquidity in equity markets. We further test, and reject, an asymmetric price reaction hypothesis that states that loan returns are more sensitive to negative information whereas equity returns respond symmetrically to
both positive and negative information. We find evidence most consistent with an integrated markets hypothesis that suggests that both the equity and syndicated bank loan markets are highly integrated such that information flows freely
across markets. This is particularly true when the equity market makers are also loan syndicate members.
相似文献
23.
24.
C. Allen Pinkham ASA MAAA MA Marianne E. Cumming MSc MD Howard Minuk MD FRCPC 《North American actuarial journal : NAAJ》2013,17(3):7-16
Abstract Metabolic syndrome and its association with mortality have not been studied in insured lives populations. The Swiss Re Study evaluated metabolic syndrome prevalence and associated mortality from all causes and circulatory disease in a cohort of 35,470 predominantly healthy individuals, aged 18–83 years, who were issued life insurance policies between 1986 and 1997. Metabolic syndrome was defined using the National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) Expert Panel Adult Treatment Panel (ATP) III guidelines. The NCEP obesity criteria were modified with a prediction equation using body mass index, gender, and age substituted for waist circumference. Adjustments also were made for nonfasting triglyceride and blood glucose values. Risk ratios for policyholders identified with metabolic syndrome were 1.16 (P = .156) for mortality from all causes and 1.45 (P = .080) for mortality from circulatory disease compared with individuals without the syndrome. Risk was proportional to the number of components, or score, of the metabolic syndrome present. Risk ratios for metabolic syndrome score were 1.14 (P < .001) for mortality from all causes and 1.38 (P < .001) for mortality from circulatory disease compared with individuals without metabolic syndrome factors. In both all-cause and circulatory death models, relative risk was highest for the blood pressure risk factor. Based on a modified NCEP definition, increased mortality risk is associated with metabolic syndrome in an insured lives cohort and has life insurance mortality pricing implications. 相似文献
25.
Allen W. Bathke Terry W. Mason Richard M. Morton 《Contemporary Accounting Research》2019,36(4):2069-2092
Prior literature suggests that the market underreacts to the positive correlation in a typical firm's seasonal earnings changes, which leads to a post‐earnings‐announcement drift (PEAD) in prices. We examine the market reaction for a distinct set of firms whose seasonal earnings changes are uncorrelated and show that the market incorrectly assumes that the earnings changes of these firms are positively correlated. We also document that positive (negative) seasonal earnings changes in the current quarter are associated with negative (positive) abnormal returns in the next quarter. Thus, we observe a reversal of abnormal returns, consistent with a systematic overreaction to earnings, rather than the previously documented PEAD. Additional analysis indicates that financial analysts similarly overestimate the autocorrelation of these firms, although to a lesser extent. We also find that the magnitude of overestimation and the subsequent price reversal are inversely related to the richness of the information environment. Our results challenge the notion that investors recognize but consistently underestimate earnings correlation and provide a new perspective on the inability of prices to fully reflect the implications of current earnings for future earnings. That is, we show that investors predictably overestimate correlation when it is lacking, but underestimate it when it is present. 相似文献
26.
While technology and health care delivery are inextricably and increasingly intertwined and technology has driven major advances in quality and efficiency in health care, technology does not replace the need for a thinking human being in care delivery. The term "technicity" refers to the tension created by the ability of humans to think versus their risk of being exploited as objects subservient to technologies. Drawing upon the philosophical works of Thoreau, Heidegger, and others, the authors pause on the conundrum created by expanding technology with the assumption that technological "improvements" should be evaluated with caution. Health care information systems are an example of tools that have improved our ability to collect and store information, but when systems "go down," staff can be rendered helpless. Similarly, technology can impose personal distance between the patient and provider in instances where staff are positioned as a mechanism for collecting data rather than a person interacting with another person. In some cases, health care providers function as navigators helping patients reach the correct pharmaceutical, rather than as teachers helping patients seek better health. Lastly, the tendency toward systems analysis in the context of the complex hospital environment leads solely toward uniform solutions rather than instances where a customized solution is warranted. 相似文献
27.
Nicholas Powers Allen Blackman Thomas P. Lyon Urvashi Narain 《Environmental and Resource Economics》2011,50(1):131-155
Public disclosure programs that collect and disseminate information about firms’ environmental performance are increasingly
popular in both developed and developing countries. Yet little is known about whether they actually improve environmental
performance, particularly in the latter setting. We use detailed plant-level survey data to evaluate the impact of India’s
Green Rating Project (GRP) on the environmental performance of the country’s largest pulp and paper plants. We find that the
GRP drove significant reductions in pollution loadings among dirty plants but not among cleaner ones. This result comports
with statistical and anecdotal evaluations of similar disclosure programs. We also find that plants located in wealthier communities
were more responsive to GRP ratings, as were single-plant firms. 相似文献
28.
Hiroyuki Takeshima Kamiljon Akramov Allen Park Jarilkasin Ilyasov Yanyan Liu Tanzila Ergasheva 《Agricultural Economics》2020,51(4):553-565
Agriculture–nutrition linkages (ANLs) have been increasingly investigated in the literature. However, nutritional returns and costs of household agricultural production practices (APPs) in semisubsistence settings are poorly understood. We fill these knowledge gaps using pooled cross-section data sets in Tajikistan, where semisubsistence farming and undernutrition coexist despite relatively good agricultural infrastructure and education systems. Agricultural diversification, yield enhancement, production expansion are positively associated with various nutritional outcomes, particularly in areas with poor food market access. Decomposition exercises suggest that nutritional returns and costs of these APPs vary across households, and the adoption of APPs is driven by the expected nutritional returns. In Tajikistan, improving nutrition through household ANLs requires growing the smallholder agricultural sector in multiple dimensions, including diversification, intensification, and expansion, while also understanding better the pathways of ANLs and addressing bottlenecks at appropriate stages of such pathways. 相似文献
29.
In this paper we look at the manner in which ideas coming from complexity science change our understanding of the cognitive
powers of agents that is really necessary to explain the evolution of markets and of firms. The general ideas behind complex
systems dynamics and evolution are presented and then two examples are treated in detail. The first in an evolutionary model
of a market in which some new product is developed by competing firms and their “task” is to find a strategy in terms of quality
and price that will be sustainable. This essentially requires agents/firms to discover mutually compatible strategies, and
to create thereby sustainable market niches. The second example considers the internal structure of firms, in terms of their
constituent working practices and skills. It demonstrates that it is precisely their ignorance of the consequences of adopting
any particular practice that generates diversity in the emergent capabilities of firms, exploring the dimension of potential
demand and therefore leading to a successful and sustainable business sector. The work supports the notion that the cognitive
abilities that are involved are not about deduction and logic, as a traditional view of rationality might suggest, but are
about the development and contraction of interpretive frameworks, which will be different for each player. The paper links
these examples to a general recognition of the idea that complex, multi-agent systems evolve through successive “structural
attractors”—multi-dimensional dynamical systems—with temporary structural stability. Because real systems contain both the
structure and deviations from it, then there is a constant probing of structural stability and the possibility of qualitative
change to a new structural attractor. This resembles the ideas in biological evolution related to “punctuated equilibria,”
but it also links this to the idea of emergent and evolving networks of interaction, never of course near thermodynamic equilibrium.
相似文献
30.
Community Supported Agriculture (CSA) programmes have recently received attention for their potential to influence food lifestyle behaviours and health outcomes, though studies have mostly drawn from small samples (n?25). Therefore, we designed a survey to test whether CSA participation links to changes in food lifestyle behaviours and health outcomes, and assess if the magnitude of changes varies based on respondent characteristics. A detailed survey was distributed to existing shareholders from three midsized CSAs near Lexington, Kentucky, and produced 151 usable responses. Through 20 paired questions, respondents reported on their food lifestyle behaviours and health outcomes both prior to joining a CSA and then after CSA participation. Paired two-sided t-tests assess if paired means are statistically different, and multiple regressions of paired differences on socioeconomic factors, self-reported health, and years of CSA enrolment estimate the effect of respondent characteristics on behaviour change. The results strongly suggest that CSAs have the potential to positively impact shareholders’ food lifestyle behaviours and health outcomes, and that those reporting ‘poor health’ prior to CSA enrolment exhibited the most change overall. These results should be taken as an initial, yet promising, analysis of the impact of CSA participation on shareholder food lifestyle behaviours and health outcomes. 相似文献