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311.
Scanner data for fast moving consumer goods typically amount to panels of time series where both N and T are large. To reduce the number of parameters and to shrink parameters towards plausible and interpretable values, Hierarchical Bayes models turn out to be useful. Such models contain in the second level a stochastic model to describe the parameters in the first level. 相似文献
312.
Akhavein Jalal D. Swamy P. A. V. B. Taubman Stephen B. Singamsetti Rao N. 《Journal of Productivity Analysis》1997,8(1):71-93
This article develops a new method of estimating inefficiencies in joint production and shows that unlike the approaches utilized in the previous studies of inefficiency, this method maintains a consistent relationship between the error term of a profit function and the error terms of its price derivatives. A useful by-product of the method is a proof of a Hotelling-like lemma that relates stochastic input demand and output supply functions to stochastic profit functions. While the previous studies fit a single frontier to data on all firms, this paper estimates a frontier unique to every observed firm to allow each one to have a different potential of achieving maximal levels of profit. The new method is applied in the analysis of annual data, 1984–1989, for U.S. commercial banks. Both the analytical and numerical results of the paper show that the residual that the previous studies attribute to inefficiency includes the effects of excluded variables and of inaccuracies in the specified functional forms. Once accurate estimates of these effects are subtracted from the residual, the distortions in the measured inefficiencies should be considerably reduced. Consequently, this article considers how such estimates might be obtained. 相似文献
313.
Jeannie Gaines Theresa A. Domagalski 《Employee Responsibilities and Rights Journal》1996,9(3):177-192
A dialectical relationship exists between the capitalist desire for accumulation of wealth and profits, and the rights of
employees. Labor process theory exposes facets of the fundamental incongruity between the interests of employers and workers
in a capitalist political economy. An analysis of employee rights through the labor process framework facilitates the potential
for human emancipation by illuminating the ideological, political, and economic sources of domination and repression that
are embedded in the capitalist system. In this article, three core elements of labor process theory—the social relations of
production, the managerial control imperative, and the restructuring of work—are used to highlight ways in which organizations
maintain their hegemonic position. This exposé offers the basis for an alternative paradigmatic view of the employment relationship
and informs our thinking of how employee rights are impacted, and often tempered, in work organizations.
Portions of this article were presented by both authors at the 12th Annual International Labour Process Conference March,
1994 in Birmingham, England. 相似文献
314.
Applying efficiency measurement techniques to the measurement of productivity change 总被引:1,自引:3,他引:1
C. A. Knox Lovell 《Journal of Productivity Analysis》1996,7(2-3):329-340
Deterministic frontier analysis (DFA), stochastic frontier analysis (SFA), and data envelopment analysis (DEA) are alternative analytical techniques designed to measure the efficiency of producers. All three techniques were originally developed within a cross-sectional context, in which the objective is to compare the efficiencies of producers. More recently all three techniques have been extended for use in a panel data context. In the latter context it is possible to measure productivity change, and to decompose measured productivity change into its sources, one of which is efficiency change. However when efficiency measurement techniques, particularly SFA, have been applied to panel data, it has infrequently been made clear what the objective of the analysis is: the measurement of efficiency, which may vary through time as well as across producers, or the measurement and decomposition of productivity change. In this paper I explore the use of each technique in a panel data context. I find DFA and DEA to have achieved a more satisfactory reorientation toward productivity measurement than SFA has. 相似文献
315.
Adrienne?A.?KearneyEmail author Raymond?E.?Lombra 《Journal of Economics and Finance》2004,28(2):252-259
The dynamic relationship linking the volatility of equity prices with “the news” and the expected path for monetary policy
is investigated. Previous results that link the impact of the news about real activity to changes in current and future interest
rates are employed in developing a positive link between changes in volatility and the news. Empirically, our results uncover
a positive and statistically significant response of the CBOE volatility index, VIX, to unanticipated changes in employment,
but not to inflation. Hence, agents' expectations for the policy response to news have an important influence on the expected
volatility of stock prices. (JEL E44, E52) 相似文献
316.
317.
Polyhedral combinatorics is a subarea of combinatorial optimization of increasing practical importance. It deals with the application of the theory of linear systems and linear algebra to combinatorial problems. The paper is not intended as a survey on polyhedral combinatorics but it reviews some of the main concepts and proof techniques. 相似文献
318.
Abstract In this paper we propose distribution-free treatments versus control tests for the one- and two-way classifications. The null distribution properties are shown to be equivalent to those of well-known statistics for which critical values have been extensively tabled. Asymptotic relative efficiencies with respect to corresponding normal theory competitors are derived and optimal designs for the allocation of experimental units to the treatments and control are obtained. 相似文献
319.
Summary In this paper it is investigated whether robust estimation procedures for the parameters of a regression model are also applicable when the observations are generated by the errors-in-variables model. Specifically, attention is paid to bounded-influence estimators, i.e. estimators that are constructed in such a way that the influence of a single observation on the outcome of the estimator is bounded. Both the classical errors-in-variables model and models with contaminated observational errors are considered.The authors are indebted to a referee for his valuable comments on an earlier version of this paper. 相似文献
320.
Summary The problem of estimating the slope of a linear relationship between two jointly normally distributed random variables is considered when outliers may occur in the explanatory variable. It will be studied as a special case of an errors-in-variables problem where the explanatory variable is measured which a nonnormally distributed error. In this more general model and under certain conditions a consistent estimator can be given with a normal limiting distribution. Applications to cases of outliers in the explanatory variable will be presented. 相似文献