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991.
The financial crisis has brought the interaction between housing prices and household borrowing into the limelight of the economic policy debate. This paper examines the nexus of housing prices and credit in Norway within a structural vector equilibrium correction model (SVECM) over the period 1986q2–2008q4. The results establish a two way interaction in the long-run, so that higher housing prices lead to a credit expansion, which in turn puts an upward pressure on prices. Interest rates influence housing prices indirectly through the credit channel. Furthermore, households’ expectations about the future development of their own income as well as in the Norwegian economy have a significant impact on housing price growth. Dynamic simulations show how shocks are propagated and amplified. When we augment the model to include the supply side of the housing market, these effects are dampened. 相似文献
992.
Regression-based testing techniques have long been used to quantify whether the efficient frontier of a set of assets spans the frontier of a larger collection of investments. This paper derives regression-based spanning tests for the case in which the investment possibilities set contains, or is constituted by, futures contracts for which marked-to-market margins are explicitly taken into account. Two empirical applications illustrate our results. 相似文献
993.
In general, consumer utility of network goods is affected by the entire network size. The socio-cultural-economic affinities of consumers influence the network externality processes. In this work, we treat a consumer decision as a consumer decision dynamic process. We then formulate a dynamic structural representation of a consumer network structure, structure of utility function and decision rule under the influence of local network externality concept. This formulation generates a mathematical model for a consumer decision dynamic process. The byproduct of the dynamic model leads to an agent-based simulation model. The simulation model is used to investigate different types of consumer decision dynamic market equilibriums. Moreover, prototype illustrations are given to exhibit the association between network attributes and its market equilibriums. 相似文献
994.
Summary. The study of evolutionary dynamics was so far mainly restricted to finite strategy spaces. In this paper we show that this
unsatisfying restriction is unnecessary. We specify a simple condition under which the continuous time replicator dynamics
are well defined for the case of infinite strategy spaces. Furthermore, we provide new conditions for the stability of rest
points and show that even strict equilibria may be unstable. Finally, we apply this general theory to a number of applications
like the Nash demand game, the War of Attrition, linear-quadratic games, the harvest preemption game, and games with mixed
strategies.
Received: June 25, 1999; revised version: January 31, 2000 相似文献
995.
Following the reform of energy sectors, some countries have used engineering norm models in incentive regulation of network
utilities. In 2003, Sweden adopted this approach to regulation of electricity distribution networks. This paper examines whether
the norm models represent the real networks and create incentives for performance improvement. We analyse data from 138 network
concession holders between 2000 and 2007. The results show that norm models are not adequate representations of real networks.
Also, utilities that perform better than their norm models tend to behave opportunistically. Finally, we find that private
utilities respond more strongly to incentives. 相似文献
996.
997.
T. P. van der Kooy J. C. P. A. van Esch F. Hartog H. Hoelen J. N. F. Bakker D. B. J. Schouten J. J. Klant J. Wemelsfelder F. de Roos A. J. W. van de Gevel J. G. Morreau H. A. J. F. Misset P. E. Venekamp J. Sandee H. den Hartog P. M. H. G. Prevoo P. J. Janssen H. Riemens A. J. Reitsma R. Kool S. Bergsma J. G. Appelboom A. R. van der Burg J. Horring J. van Klaveren P. W. Klein F. van Heek E. Zahn 《De Economist》1967,115(1):75-129
998.
999.
Lynn M. Shore Beth G. Chung-Herrera Michelle A. Dean Karen Holcombe Ehrhart Don I. Jung Amy E. Randel Gangaram Singh 《Human Resource Management Review》2009,19(2):117-133
A great deal of research has focused on workforce diversity. Despite an increasing number of studies, few consistent conclusions have yet to be reached about the antecedents and outcomes of diversity. Likewise, research on different dimensions of diversity (e.g., age, race, gender, sexual orientation, disability, and culture) has mostly evolved independently. Therefore, the purpose of this review is to examine each of these dimensions of diversity to describe common themes across dimensions and to develop an integrative model of diversity. 相似文献
1000.
The relationship between social and financial performance (CSP – FP) has been a main objective in the literature on business
management, as it would provide an economic justification for the social investment insofar as it contributes to the creation
of value. This relationship has been empirically tested by several authors though without using a theoretical model that sustains
this relationship. The aim of this article is to propose a theoretical model of the process of the creation of value from
the reputation generated by companies, integrating the factors that have been shown to be more relevant in this process from
previous research, in such a way that hypotheses are put forward regarding the existence of this relationship and the factors
that determine it. Finally, an empirical test is performed using the 100 most prestigious companies operating in Spain during
2004. 相似文献