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951.
Ramos-Rodríguez Antonio Rafael Medina-Garrido José Aurelio Ruiz-Navarro José 《The International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal》2019,15(4):1221-1246
International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal - Understanding the formation of entrepreneurial intention is critical, given that it is the first step in the entrepreneurial process. Little... 相似文献
952.
Julio Cezar Russo Marco Antonio Guimarães Dias André Barreira da Silva Rocha Fernando Luiz Cyrino Oliveira 《Group Decision and Negotiation》2018,27(6):949-979
Game theory is an important analytical tool for measuring problems caused by behaviors that deviate from contractual ethics. However, the PPP literature still does little to explore this research topic. This paper analyzes and improves the equilibrium conditions of a renegotiation model of PPPs by introducing the asymmetry of information in the contract. To achieve this goal, the Mechanism Design Theory is used to demonstrate how the correct tracking of the investor directly influences the payoffs of the renegotiation. The study concludes that the lack of incentive constraints in the bidding document, as an ex ante condition, does not provide sufficient information on investor management capability. In this way, this information is only revealed in the renegotiation phase. Consequently, this contract failure results in high political costs to the government due to excessive subsidies. 相似文献
953.
- People tend to like others with attributes similar to their own (the similarity principle) and favor products with names similar to their own (the name letter effect).
- In the present field experiment, the name letter effect and similarity principle are tested in a phonaton among alumni of Utrecht University, The Netherlands. First name and surname initials, fields of education, and association memberships of alumni were matched to those of students soliciting contributions in the phonaton.
- Female alumni with first names and fields of study similar to those of solicitors were more likely to donate, as were male alumni with first names similar to the field of study of solicitors. Both male and female alumni with first names similar to the name of the university donated more often than those with dissimilar names.
- Name letter effects are a cheap and effective instrument to increase donations in fundraising campaigns conducted by telephone.
954.
André Van Poeck 《De Economist》2010,158(1):43-60
In this paper we analyze whether the ECB’s monetary policy has become more balanced towards the needs of the individual member
states with the passage of time. We assume that the ECB’s monetary policy stance is in line with a Taylor rule and based on
the overall situation in the Euro area, more specifically on the Euro area inflation rate and the overall business cycle position
in the area. The question therefore boils down to investigating whether inflation and business cycles have converged since
the start of the monetary union. We show that the ECB, if in existence in the 1990s, would have had an impossible task. This
is because inflation and business cycles still strongly differed in that time, although convergence substantially increased
in the run up to the monetary union. In this respect, the decade under EMU drastically differs from the preceding one. This
being said, the evidence for a further improvement in the course of the first decade of the new millennium is mixed. This
is because although inflation has further converged, business cycles have shown a tendency for increased divergence. If, however,
we are willing to put weights on inflation and output gap divergence (as implied by the Taylor rule), we conclude that also
in the course of the period under EMU in general the ECB’s monetary policy has become more in line with the needs of the individual
members. Looking at individual countries, we show that during the first decade of its existence the ECB’s interest rate was
most fitted to the needs of France and Italy, and least to the needs of Ireland and Greece (both too low) and Germany (too
high). To a lesser extent there were also mismatches for Spain and Portugal (both too low). In the more recent period since
2005, the mismatch between the desired domestic interest rate and the desired ECB rate has come down for most countries (most
noticeable Germany). For Belgium (for which a higher interest rate was more appropriate), on the other hand, the mismatch
increased. These overall positive findings, however, offer no guarantee that the task of the ECB will become easier in the
future. 相似文献
955.
Omar A. EsquedaAuthor Vitae Tibebe A. Assefa Author VitaeAndré Varella Mollick Author Vitae 《Journal of International Financial Markets, Institutions & Money》2012,22(1):87-102
This paper examines stock market volatility measured by either “beta-volatility” or by the standard deviation of stock returns over 1995-2007. In our dynamic panel data framework, after controlling for size, turnover, and real output growth, we find some support to increases in financial integration reducing total stock return volatility for representative emerging markets, with almost no impact for industrial economies. Allowing for feedback effects from stock volatility to stock turnover, we obtain a richer interpretation for the broadening of investor basis hypothesis: more integrated financial markets leads to lower stock volatility, yet these are not so strong as found previously and are not accompanied by more turnover. 相似文献
956.
This paper deals with the characterization problem of the minimal entropy martingale measure (MEMM) for a Markov-modulated
exponential Lévy model. This model is characterized by the presence of a background process modulating the risky asset price
movements between different regimes or market environments. This allows to stress the strong dependence of financial assets
price with structural changes in the market conditions. Our main results are obtained from the key idea of working conditionally
on the modulator-factor process. This reduces the problem to studying the simpler case of processes with independent increments.
Our work generalizes some previous works in the literature dealing with either the exponential Lévy case or the exponential-additive
case. 相似文献
957.
João Ricardo FariaAndré Varella Mollick Adolfo SachsidaLe Wang 《International Review of Economics & Finance》2012,22(1):1-10
Previous work has documented inflation effects on Tobin's q in the long run. This paper examines whether the FED's different policies and chairmen tenure have an impact on Tobin's q, after a modified stylized AD-AS model shows that central banks affect q. We do find changing responses of q depending on the pre-Volcker and post-Volcker periods. 相似文献
958.
We perform an experiment which provides a laboratory replica of some important features of the welfare state. In the experiment,
all individuals in a group decide whether to make a costly effort, which produces a random (independent) outcome for each
one of them. The group members then vote on whether to redistribute the resulting and commonly known total sum of earnings
equally amongst themselves. This game has two equilibria, if played once. In one of them, all players make effort and there
is little redistribution. In the other one, there is no effort and nothing to redistribute. A solution to the repeated game
allows for redistribution and high effort, sustained by the threat to revert to the worst of these equilibria. Our results
show that redistribution with high effort is not sustainable. The main reason for the absence of redistribution is that rich
agents do not act differently depending on whether the poor have worked hard or not. The equilibrium in which redistribution
may be sustained by the threat of punishing the poor if they do not exert effort is not observed in the experiment. Thus,
the explanation of the behavior of the subjects lies in Hobbes, not in Rousseau. 相似文献
959.
In this paper, we introduce a new class of models for the time evolution of the prices of call options of all strikes and
maturities. We capture the information contained in the option prices in the density of some time-inhomogeneous Lévy measure
(an alternative to the implied volatility surface), and we set this static code-book in motion by means of stochastic dynamics
of It?’s type in a function space, creating what we call a tangent Lévy model. We then provide the consistency conditions, namely, we show that the call prices produced by a given dynamic code-book (dynamic Lévy density) coincide with the conditional expectations of the respective payoffs if and only if certain restrictions on the dynamics
of the code-book are satisfied (including a drift condition à la HJM). We then provide an existence result, which allows us
to construct a large class of tangent Lévy models, and describe a specific example for the sake of illustration. 相似文献
960.
Ethan Mollick 《战略管理杂志》2012,33(9):1001-1015
Performance differences between firms are generally attributed to organizational factors rather than to differences among the individuals who make up firms. As a result, little is known about the part that individual firm members play in explaining the variance in performance among firms. This paper employs a multiple membership cross‐classified multilevel model to test the degree to which organizational or individual factors explain firm performance. The analysis also examines whether individual differences among middle managers or innovators best explain firm performance variation. The results indicate that variation among individuals matter far more in organizational performance than is generally assumed. Further, variation among middle managers has a particularly large impact on firm performance, much larger than that of those individuals who are assigned innovative roles. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献