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991.
Andreas Frodl 《Marketing Review St. Gallen》2011,28(5):64-64
VORSCHAU
Vorschau 6 | 2011 相似文献992.
Competing uses of land mean that regulations aimed at environmental conservation often conflict with the land-use rights of rural households. Several reports suggest that this has occurred with the introduction of the Natural Forest Protection Programme (NFPP) in China, one of the world's largest logging ban programmes. This paper investigates whether households should be compensated for infringements on property rights, drawing on institutional economics literature on regulation. We distinguish between cases where regulation solves local collective action problems and increases the welfare of those affected, and those where regulation involves a redistribution of rights from one group to another. We apply this to the NFPP by estimating the net welfare impacts, using household level stated preference data with econometric techniques that explicitly account for zero and negative values of the dependent variable. We find that the ban on logging does not affect the net welfare of the affected forest communities. This indicates that the losses resulting from the restrictions on property rights are offset by the benefits from restrictions on other local households. We also find evidence that a partial reduction in logging would be welfare increasing, indicating that the NFPP is to some extent addressing local collective action problems in forest areas. Broader implications for the question of compensating for infringement of property rights as the result of regulatory interventions in contexts of institutional imperfections are also drawn. 相似文献
993.
In the (1936) preface to the German edition of The General Theory of Employment, Interest and Money, Keynes contrasts his methodology with that of Classical laissez-faire economics. He also compares and contrasts his methodology
with German economics, which members of the German Historical School had heavily influenced. Unfortunately, some view Keynes
as arguing in this Preface that his theory could more deductively apply to fascism than to laissez-faire economies. This would
suggest an endorsement of Nazism. Of course, any support offered for Nazism should be condemned. However, instead of displaying
Nazi sympathies, this paper argues that the Preface more likely supports the widespread methodological rejection in German
economics of deducing laissez-faire outcomes from Classical postulates. Furthermore, Keynes criticizes the more inductive
approach of many German economists, and states that he provides them with the theoretical framework which they could deductively
apply to their totalitarian economy. Keynes should be read as arguing that his theoretical framework would prove more applicable
to a totalitarian system than would a theory based on Classical laissez-faire economics. Comments in the Preface which seem
to some to support Nazism should be taken, then, as support for the applicability of his theory to such a system. Keynes’
methodological arguments in the prefaces to the other editions, which reflect his overall methodological approach in the General Theory, his familiarity with German economics, his support for liberal economic and political institutions, and his anti-Nazism,
all support this alternative interpretation. An earlier version of this paper was presented at the Midwest Economics Association
Meetings in Chicago on March 16, 2008. 相似文献
994.
This paper studies a decision maker who for each choice set selects a subset of (at most) two alternatives. We axiomatize
three types of procedures: (i) The top two: the decision maker has in mind an ordering and chooses the two maximal alternatives.
(ii) The two extremes: the decision maker has in mind an ordering and chooses the maximal and the minimal alternatives. (iii)
The top and the top: the decision maker has in mind two orderings and he chooses the maximal element from each. 相似文献
995.
In their catching-up processes, less developed countries face inter-country barriers which hamper their efforts to imitate
the technologies of advanced countries. These international barriers to entry can be traced back to differences in the institutions
supporting technological advancement and to the physical and intangible resources necessary for the creation of new competences.
In less developed countries, these international barriers aggravate the barriers to entry at the sectoral level and, together,
they constitute the generalized barriers to entry. In our paper, we extend a model of economic growth by the entry of new
sectors by including these international barriers and show how widening development gaps describing the differences in general
income and employment trends can emerge in an auto-catalytic process. 相似文献
996.
997.
Dr. Andreas Seeliger Dr. J. Perner Dr. Christoph Riechmann Dr. Nadja Trhal Michaela Fürsch Stephan Nagl PD Dr. Dietmar Lindenberger 《能源经济杂志》2011,35(1):43-52
This article summarises results a study undertaken by Frontier Economics and the EWI for the German Ministry of Economics. The study makes progress in creating transparency of energy supply prices and cost (for electricity, gas and oil products) in Germany in an international context. In Germany most retail prices have increased significantly since 1998 and are at the highest level for most customer groups and products in international comparison. Main drivers that differentiate prices internationally are, duties and taxes, network tariffs, political interference with retail prices and the degree of end customer competition. Based on this analysis the authors recommend a review of the consistency of policy measures (especially taxes, duties, levies and subsidies) with the energy policy goals of price competitiveness, security of supply and environmental sustainability. Furthermore, the authors suggest further refining network regulation, enhancing competition in the retail sector and improving transparency of price information. 相似文献
998.
Andreas Löschel Christiane Reif Martin Kesternich Simon Koesler Daniel Osberghaus Stefan Korioth 《Wirtschaftsdienst》2011,91(10):712-716
Die Co2-Emissionsrechte im Europ?ischen Emissionshandelssystem werden, nachdem sie zun?chst vorwiegend kostenlos verteilt wurden,
ab 2013 zunehmend versteigert. Dies führt auch unter Berücksichtigung von Steuerausf?llen durch sinkende Gewinne der Unternehmen
zu Einnahmen, die sinnvoll verteilt werden sollten. Klimaschutz- und Anpassungsma?nahmen sind auf verschiedenen Ebenen anzusiedeln. 相似文献
999.
Is innovation always beneficial? A meta-analysis of the relationship between innovation and performance in SMEs 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
The performance implications of innovation in small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) have attracted considerable interest among academics and practitioners. However, empirical research on the innovation-performance relationship in SMEs shows controversial results. This meta-analysis synthesizes empirical findings in order to obtain evidence whether and especially under which circumstances smaller, resource-scarce firms benefit from innovation. We find that innovation-performance relationship is context dependent. Factors such as the age of the firm, the type of innovation, and the cultural context affect the impact of innovation on firm performance to a large extent. 相似文献
1000.
Andreas Herrmann Daniel G. Goldstein Rupert Stadler Jan R. Landwehr Mark Heitmann Reto Hofstetter Frank Huber 《Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services》2011,18(6):483-491
Many firms use product configurators to enable customers to specify their desired products online. In such systems, defaults are pre-specified for levels of product features by the manufacturer or dealer. For example, when configuring a racing bike online, a default is predefined (e.g., the Shimano Ultegra model) for all required features (e.g., the gearshift levers). Such defaults, which may even adapt to previous choices, ensure that a functional and fully defined product emerges at the end of the configuration process. However, when designing sales systems, companies often fail to realize that these defaults also affect customer decision-making. We demonstrate the effect by a study that makes use of a fully simulated racing bike configurator. We find the following results: Moving the default of one feature (e.g. wheels) from the lowest to the highest level results in an increase in sales. In addition, the feature level defined as the default also acts as a reference point by increasing the sales of levels near to it. In order to maximize sales, the default should be set at the level of a feature that is between the medium and the highest price level. To conclude we discuss how manufacturers and dealers subtly yet powerfully influence the decision-making process with their sales systems. 相似文献