Umgang mit psychischen Phänomenen in der Pflege

Zusammenfassung  Krankheiten aus dem Bereich der Psychiatrie — Es gibt immer mehr Menschen, die an psychischen Beschwerden leiden oder psychische Ph?nomene zeigen, wie Orientierungsverlust, Hoffnungslosigkeit oder selbstverletzendes Verhalten. Das hat verschiedene Ursachen und ver?ndert auch den pflegerischen Umgang mit Betroffenen, die wegen anderer Erkrankungen behandelt werden. Thema dieses Beitrages ist die Hoffnungslosigkeit. Literatur bei den Verfassern     

Who buys newspapers in Spain? An analysis of the determinants of the probability to buy newspapers and of the amount spent

In this paper, we examine the determinants of household consumption of newspapers and the amount spent on their purchase by considering several explanatory variables related to household characteristics and the main household wage earner. Results show that the variables have quite similar effects on both the relative probability of buying newspapers and the amount spent. The key variables are the age and occupational status of the main wage earner, the number of household members, income and having to pay for the house, as well as a number of geographical variables. However, certain differences are also observed. The most important is the education of the main wage earner: while its effect on buying newspapers is very small (only those who did not complete primary education are less likely to buy), its effect on the amount spent increases with the level of education. As other studies of cultural goods and services consumption have suggested, education and occupational status are more relevant determinants than income.     

Asymmetry in the effects of economic fundamentals on rising and falling exchange rates

Empirical research provides evidence for exchange rates overreaction to changes in economic fundamentals over a short run, but convergence in a long run. In this research we use statistical method developed by Cox [Cox, D.R., “Regression models and life-tables,” Journal of the Royal Statistical Society. Series B (Methodological), Vol. 34, Iss. 2 (1972), 187-220.] to examine the differences in the effects of local economic fundamentals on the probability of occurrence of extreme fluctuations in exchange rates over time periods of rising and falling exchange rates. We identify an extreme fluctuation as a 10% decrease or increase in exchange rate over a three month period and 20% over a one year period. We find asymmetry in the effects of economic fundamentals on exchange rates (eight countries' exchange rates quoted as f/$) during time periods of rising and falling exchange rates: the probability of extreme fluctuation is greater during time periods of rising exchange rates as compared to falling.     

Local sites of globalisation: A look at the development of a legislative framework for auditing in Russia

The central focus of the study is on the evolution of a legislative framework for auditing in Russia. Particularly, the study looks at three episodes of audit policy making pertinent to the development of the Russian audit law and auditing standards. Largely drawing on the concept of transnational communication, the study analyses the manner in which international policy templates penetrate the local audit environment focusing on relevant actors and motivations behind it. The study concludes that the representation of globalisation as an impersonalised power ruling the world fails to convey the increasingly transnational nature of the present-day world order where, apart from the nation states, cross-border activities of various private and public actors and organisations with transnational jurisdiction increasingly shape national practice localities.     

The impact of Milton Friedman on modern monetary economics: Setting the record straight on Paul Krugman's “Who was Milton Friedman?”

Paul Krugman's essay “Who Was Milton Friedman?” seriously mischaracterizes Friedman's economics and his legacy. In this paper, we provide a rejoinder to Krugman on these issues. In the course of setting the record straight, we provide a self-contained guide to Milton Friedman's impact on modern monetary economics and on today's central banks. We also refute the conclusions that Krugman draws about monetary policy from the experiences of the United States in the 1930s and of Japan in the 1990s.     

What do we know about consumers' ontological security in disaster scenarios?

While prior consumer studies have adopted various theoretical perspectives to explain individuals' reactions to disasters, scant attention has been paid to the role of ontological security in shaping those responses. This study attempts to fill this knowledge gap by qualitatively exploring ontological security in two contexts: man-made and natural disasters. To this end, we conducted 35 focus groups in the UK, Germany, and France to address how people reacted to terrorist attacks and the COVID-19 pandemic respectively. Through thematic analysis, three themes emerged: fear versus anxiety, oneself versus others, and materialistic versus experiential purchases. Man-made disasters appear to elicit fear, concern for self, and a preference for materialistic purchases, whereas natural disasters seem to trigger anxiety, concern for others, and a preference for experiential purchases. Both types of disasters seem to evoke a desire to escape from reality. In closing, we discuss both transitory and prolonged threats to ontological security and how they shape individuals' behaviours while restoring their security.     

Supply chain network design under profit maximization and oligopolistic competition

In this paper, we model the supply chain network design problem with oligopolistic firms who are involved in the competitive production, storage, and distribution of a homogeneous product to multiple demand markets. The profit-maximizing firms select both the capacities associated with the various supply chain network activities as well as the product quantities. We formulate the governing Nash–Cournot equilibrium conditions as a variational inequality problem and identify several special cases of the model, notably, a generalization of a spatial oligopoly and a classical oligopoly problem to include design capacity variables. The proposed computational approach, which is based on projected dynamical systems, fully exploits the network structure of the problems and yields closed form solutions at each iteration. In order to illustrate the modeling framework and the algorithm, we also provide solutions to a spectrum of numerical supply chain network oligopoly design examples.This paper makes a contribution to game theoretic modeling of competitive supply chain network design problems in an oligopolistic setting.     

System dynamics modelling and forecasting health tourism demand: the case of Russian resorts

This article presents the results of the system dynamics modelling of the regional market of health tourism in the Krasnodar region of Russia. The research was based on various indicators characterizing the supply and demand for this type of tourism for years 2006–2012. The medium-term forecast made by constructed model shows a possible decrease in number of health tourists and income of sanatorium organizations. Price competition of inexpensive foreign resorts was a key factor influencing the market of tourist services; therefore ruble devaluation to US dollar may improve the prognostic indicators.     

Unemployment duration and unemployment insurance: a comparative analysis based on Scandinavian micro data

Based on pooled register data from Norway and Sweden, we findthat differences in unemployment duration patterns reflect dissimilaritiesin unemployment insurance (UI) systems in a way that convincinglyestablishes the link between economic incentives and job searchbehaviour. Specifically, UI benefits are relatively more generousfor low-income workers in Sweden than in Norway, leading torelatively longer unemployment spells for low-income workersin Sweden. Based on the between-countries variation in replacementratios, we find that the elasticity of the outflow rate frominsured unemployment with respect to the replacement ratio isapproximately one in Norway and 0.5 in Sweden.     

How young firms achieve growth: reconciling the roles of growth motivation and innovative activities

This special issue focuses on entrepreneurship, innovation and enterprise dynamics, as these key components of any prospering economy are at the heart of the current policy discussion. It gathers the latest national and comparative cross-country evidence about: new business venture formation and the role of framework conditions in fostering entrepreneurial activities; the determinants and outcomes of firms’ innovative activities and, more generally, of business and innovation dynamics; and the determinants and patterns of post-entry firm growth performance. The contributions synthesised in this introductory piece all rely on sound micro-level data and robust econometrics and propose novel findings that are relevant for policy making. Among them, that risk aversion encourages individuals to invest in balanced skill profiles, making them more likely to become entrepreneurs; and that while micro firms may grow when they are young, they are less likely to do so when old.