The Impact of Adjustment Programme On Manufacturing Industries In Nigeria, 1986–1991: A Sample Study

Abstract: This paper examines the impact of adjustment programme on manufacturing industries in Nigeria. A survey of 370 manufacturing industries randomly selected was undertaken in several parts of the country. It is found that the adjustment policies had different effects on profits, capacity utilization, sales, exports, employment and production costs in different industries. Overall, the results show that industrial sub-groups such as food and beverages, textiles and clothings, and other consumer products, most of which Nigeria has comparative advantage benefitted positively from the reforms. Capital industries in the chemical, pharmaceutical, electronics, electrical and metals were severely affected in terms of profits, capacity utilization and local sourcing of raw materials. Résumé: Ce document examine l'impact du programme d'adjustement sur les industries manufacturières au Nigeria. Une étude portant sur un échantillonnagc aléatoire de 370 unités industriellcs a été menée en différentes régions du pays. Cette étude a démontré que sclon l'industrie en cause, la politique d'adjustcment a des incidences différentes sur les bénéfices, l'utilisation des capacités, les ventes, les exportations, 1'emploi et les autres produits de consommation pour lcsqucls le Nigéria bénéficie d'une avantage comparatif, les réformes ont cu des retombées favorablcs. En revanche, les industries à forte intensité de capital, telles que l'industrie chimiquc et pharmaceutique, l'électroniquc, l'électricité et la métallurgie, se sont fortement rcsscntics des conséquences des réformes en termes de profits, d'utilisation des capacités et d'approvisionnement local en matières premières.     

Beyond first impressions: The effects of repeated exposure on consumer liking of visually complex and simple product designs

This article presents an experiment examining the effects of stimulus complexity on consumers' aesthetic preferences. The results suggest that preferences for visually complex product designs tend to increase with repeated exposure, while preferences for visually simple product designs tend to decrease with repeated exposure. In addition, the results suggest thatperceived complexity partially mediates the exposure-preference relationship. The authors discuss implications of these findings for market researchers conducting aesthetic product design concept tests, as well as more basic research on the affective impact of repeated exposure. Dena Cox is an associate professor of marketing at the Kelley School of Business at Indiana University, Indianapolis, Indiana. She received her Ph.D. from the University of Houston. She publishes research primarily on aspects of consumer behavior and promotion effects and marketing research. She has published her research in theJournal of Marketing, theJournal of Consumer Research, and theJournal of Retailing. Anthony D. Cox is an associate professor of marketing at the Kelley School of Business at Indiana University, Indianapolis, Indiana. He received his Ph.D. from Indiana University. His research focus is on forecasting demand and consumer behavior and advertising effects. He has published in theJournal of Marketing, theJournal of Marketing Research, and theJournal of Consumer Research.     

YOUR DOG OWNS YOUR HOUSE1

If your dog guards your house, a widely held ethical theory of redistribution would contend that he is entitled to own part of it. Each contribution to a product justifies a claim to a share of it. In fact, the social product is produced by society as a whole and society may distribute it as it sees fit. The article argues that this reasoning is confused and misunderstands the function of contracts of exchange.     

Strategies of Product and Process Innovation: A Loglinear Analysis

Utterback and Abernathy (1975) developed a dynamic innovation model to explain the patterns of product and process innovation and to show which types of innovation would be most strategically appropriate for firms with particular objectives. In this paper the relation-ships between type and/or source of innovation and a number of firm-characteristic variables are examined. Loglinear regression is employed to determine the extent of the postulated relationships in a set of actual industry data on product innovation. The loglinear model provided results which were highly consistent with predictions made on the basis of previous research into product and process innovation.     

Efficient local taxation and local public goods

This paper considers local public goods which crowd both with respect to the number of people served and the amount of property served. It is shown that it may be possible to have efficient decentralized provision of such goods using marginal cost taxes; however, the pricing system in this case is likely to require very large numbers of competing communities. Thus, it appears to be preferable to have separate jurisdictions provide goods which crowd with respect to people — such as education. The implications for stratification are also considered.