The grain potential of cultivated lands in Mainland China in 2004

The regional test yields of certificated cultivars of grain crops represent the potential yields for the given region under the current natural and technical conditions. Therefore, it is appropriate to use the regional test yields to estimate the gross grain potential of Mainland China.In this paper, we calculated the grain potential of cultivated lands for each of the 105 agro-ecological regions in China. First, cropping system in each agro-ecological region was assumed to be the best use of the agro-climatic resources. Second, the potential per hectare for each of the crops was calculated for a given agro-ecological region, based on the regional test yields of certificated cultivars of grain crops in a given cropping system. For rain-fed and dry lands, their grain potentials were further modified by water-restricting coefficients. The water-restricting coefficients were calculated by dividing the hydro-thermal potential with the corresponding photosynthesis-thermal potential for different grain crops, which were obtained from Regulations of Farmland Grading. Thereafter, the grain potential per hectare of each agro-ecological region was calculated considering the cropping system and the potentials per hectare of all the crops in the cropping system. The gross grain potential of each county in a given region was then obtained by multiplying the grain potential per hectare and the total area of cultivated lands in the county. Finally, the gross grain potential of each agro-ecological region and the whole Mainland China were obtained by summarizing the grain potentials for all of the counties. The results showed that the gross grain potential of Mainland China was 0.92 billion t in 2004. It should be pointed out that this calculation on the grain potential did not sufficiently consider the crop growth restricting factors of cultivated lands, such as soil fertility, fertilizer input, and so on. Since the grain potential is far above the actual grain yield, it suggests that the cultivated land assurance for grain security in Mainland China is relatively high. The results of each agro-ecological region showed that the highest grain potentials were distributed in Huang-Huai-Hai Plain, Northeast China, Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River and Sichuan Basin, where excellent hydro-thermal condition and flat terrain are ideally suitable for crop growth.     

目标管理在生产企业的应用

随着信用社会的到来,我国绝大多数竞争性行业的企业都面临"销售难、收款更难"的双重困境.适度的应收账款,是企业适应市场竞争、扩大销售、节约存货资金占用和降低存货成本的需要.但过高比例的应收账款,导致销售收入的增长只能给企业带来账面利润,不能带来维持经营、扩大生产规模所必需的现金流入,使企业的营运能力和偿债能力下降.建立系统、有效的应收账款内部控制制度是企业加强资金周转,提高资金使用效益,保护财产的安全完整的重要手段.本文根据内部控制理论和应收账款内部控制的目标分析了应收账款内部控制的具体方法,目的是发现应收账款控制的薄弱环节进而加强企业应收账款的内部控制.     

长江水文大数据平台架构设计研究

本文分析了长江水文现有数据中心在应对海量多源异构水文数据的存储与处理时存在的问题,在总结水文大数据的内涵和特征的基础上,研究介绍了基于水文对象的大数据组织、基于Hadoop的分布式存储体系和冷/热分层存储策略、耦合水文模型的大数据分析以及水文大数据可视化等水文大数据平台关键技术,并在此基础上研究设计了长江水文大数据平台...     

“一带一路”贸易关联网络及其包容性增长效应研究

"一带一路"倡议提出的初衷是实现各国的共赢共享发展,那么沿线各国之间的经济合作是否能在促进各国经济增长的同时缩小彼此差距、实现包容性增长呢?基于"一带一路"沿线54个国家2006~2015年的贸易数据,借助引力模型和社会网络分析方法得到各国之间的经济合作网络结构特征,进而采用GMM模型对该问题进行研究。结果发现:在考察期内,"一带一路"贸易关联网络呈现出逐渐增强的趋势,中国、俄罗斯和土耳其等国家在网络中处于核心地位;"一带一路"沿线各国的经济合作能实现包容性增长,这与"一带一路"倡议提出的初衷一致。在合作网络中,接近中心度的影响作用最高,点度中心度次之,中介中心度排在最后,说明"一带一路"贸易关联网络的"直接联系"有着最显著的影响作用。     

广西稻田养殖鱼产品农药残留调研分析

稻田养鱼在我国有悠久的历史,因其在稳粮增产、农民增收和改善水稻种植环境等方面的积极作用得到各级政府的大力提倡,与此同时,稻用农药对养殖产品在食品安全方面的影响也受到一定程度的关注。农业部农产品质量安全中心渔业产品认证分中心（中国水产科学研究院质量与标准研究中心）2009年与广西省水产技术推广总站合作对广西省稻田养殖禾花鲤产品开展了农残情况调查。本报告全面阐述了本次调查的技术路线、研究方法以及调查和监测结果,并针对发现的问题,提出了保障质量安全,促进稻田养鱼可持续发展的具体建议。     

政府资助、项目筛选和企业的创新产出——来自科技型中小企业创新基金的证据

政府资助对企业创新产出的影响一直以来在学术界没有一致的结论。而且,较少研究涉及公共研发资助中项目筛选机制对最终效果的影响。我们的研究检验了中国规模最大的面向中小企业的政府创新基金——科技型中小企业创新基金对企业创新产出的影响,以及筛选机制的变化对创新基金效果的作用。基于企业层面的面板数据,我们发现创新基金资助的企业比没有被创新基金资助的相似企业在专利数量、新产品产值和出口方面有更好的表现,而且这一效果在2005年筛选机制从集权到分权的改变后显著增强。创新基金的效果以及筛选机制变化对创新基金效果的影响在不同地区有很强的差异性,经济和制度越发达的地区,创新基金的效果和筛选机制的作用越明显。     

发达国家刺激经济中的定量宽松货币政策

国际金融危机中,传统货币政策在主要发达国家已失去了操作空间,为了维持虚拟经济的稳定,定量宽松货币政策被大规模使用。定量宽松货币政策是在经济陷入流动性陷阱时的一种非传统货币政策,也是虚拟经济高度发展背景下的一种必然选择。美国等发达国家的定量宽松货币政策虽然取得了一定的效果,但其对未来经济却存在着诸如通货膨胀风险等负面作用,同时这一政策的平稳退出也将是两难选择。     

Effects of transactional leadership,psychological empowerment and empowerment climate on creative performance of subordinates: A cross-level study

This research surveyed 101 teams, involving 497 team members and 101 team leaders, in a large multinational company in China. A hierarchical linear model is used to examine the hypothesized mediated moderation model. It is found that: (1) individual psychological empowerment is positively related to creative performance; (2) the relationship between transactional leadership and subordinates’ creative performance is moderated by team empowerment climate; (3) individual transactional leadership behavior is positively related to subordinates’ creative performance in teams with higher empowerment climate, but negatively related to subordinates’ creative performance in lower empowerment climate; and (4) the relationship between transactional leadership, team empowerment climate and creative performance is partially mediated by subordinates’ psychological empowerment perception. Theoretical contributions and practical implications are also discussed.