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241.
The theoretical difficulties of the expected value-variance (E-V) criterion are well known. A number of recent research efforts test the criterion's effectiveness in a publicly traded securities environment. In contrast, this research explores the performance of the E-V criterion using firm-specific, nontradeable investments such as those made by small firms. The empirical example in the study is a small family proprietorship with limited investment opportunities in agricultural production activities. Results indicate the E-V criterion performs well in selecting nontradeable investments that maximize expected utility. These results are consistent with results of earlier research dealing with tradeable securities. 相似文献
242.
Bernard Casey 《英国劳资关系杂志》1991,29(2):205-222
After passing through a period of relative crisis in the first half of the 1980s, by the end of the decade the 'dual system' appeared once again capable of providing Germany with the highly skilled work force it needed to meet the challenges of the twenty-first century. This paper reviews the changing nature of apprenticeships and apprentices that has taken place over the last decade and the responses of government, the training authorities and employers to the sharp decline in the number of young people entering the labour market in recent years. Particular attention is given to the process of reforming and updating training regulations — a major concern of the parties involved in training over the last two decades. Finally, the paper suggests that unification of the two Germanies makes the future of the youth labour market and the labour market for skilled workers very unclear. 相似文献
243.
Virginie Jacquier-Roux Bernard Bourgeois 《Technology Analysis & Strategic Management》2002,14(4):399-417
Energy industry companies have succeeded in maintaining and even increasing their production of knowledge during the last 15 years (1985/1998) within a financial context of reducing their in-house R&D expenditures. To understand these apparently paradoxical changes, elements of analysis are sought within an evolutionary framework, and especially referring to the related developments to network-firms, user-supplier relationships, and interactive nature of innovation processes. Empirical data are provided on patents granted to a sample of the top 15 world largest companies, both operators and equipment suppliers, and for the oil production and power generation industries. Interpretation of the results suggests that two dynamics ought to be distinguished. On the one side, dynamics of the networks of technological creation are characterized by a movement upstream of the head of the network towards suppliers. On the other side networks of creation of competitive advantages and bargaining power continue to be based on the operators and their strategies of adaptation to the constraints and opportunities of their institutional, financial and competitive environment. 相似文献
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245.
Public contracts would seem a wonderful opportunity for firms outside the EC, but European public contracts seem closed to competition between European countries, let alone countries outside the EC. Recent new directives by the European Commission suggest a change, albeit a slow one, in the situation, and there are as well competitive bidding strategies European and US. Jirms may want to consider to open the door for their participation in this large marketplace. 相似文献
246.
We show that successful foreign market entry is related to the extent of foreign presence in an industry at the time of entry. Survival of 31 Canadian-based businesses that entered 24 U.S. medical sector markets between 1968 and 1989 tended to be somewhat longer in product markets in which foreign-based businesses held a moderate market share when the Canadian businesses entered than in low and high foreign share product markets. The result controls several other industry and business-level factors, including industry concentration, entry year, corporate size, related diversification, entry mode, and service sector status. 相似文献
247.
Bernard Gilland 《Land use policy》1984,1(4):380-381
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In this paper we analyse the decision to prefer a health insurance with a deductible to one with complete coverage. We focus on health, medical consumption, and on socio-economic characteristics like age, income, education and family size. The analysis is based on a sample of 8000 privately insured families; about 60 percent of them did not wish to have a health insurance policy with a deductible. A corrective method for sample selectivity, analogous to Heckman's (1979) method, has been applied in probit analysis; the estimation results are compared with the maximum-likelihood estimates. Health, medical consumption and income are found to have a significant influence on the decision with respect to the type of insurance. Our results give an indication of the degree of adverse selection that may take place if health insurance policies are offered with the option to take a deductible in exchange of a premium reduction. 相似文献