Understanding of consumer behaviour as a prerequisite for environmental protection

A number of the environmental problems threatening our habitat are to a greater or lesser extent caused by present consumer lifestyles. More sustainable lifestyles cannot be obtained without marked changes in consumer attitudes and consumer behaviour. To arrive at a synthesis of what is known, and of what needs to be known, about the determinants of consumer behaviour with an environmental impact, a frame of reference employing three main classes of variables is used: motivation, ability, and opportunity. Apart from surveying the research of others, illustrations are given from studies carried out by the group of researchers at the Aarhus School of Business to which the authors belong; this research has been mainly concerned with waste handling and recycling. In addition, various strategies for changing consumer behaviour in an environment-friendly direction are considered. Information, moral arguments, and economic incentives are discussed as instruments for change. In setting goals for change strategies, broad goals such as heightened psychic and communicative activity in matters of environmental concern ought to be considered as an alternative to the elicitation of very specific behaviours.

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Zusammenfassung Einsicht in das Vehalten von Konsumenten als Voraussetzung für den Schutz derZahlreiche Umweltprobleme, die unsere Lebensgrundlagen bedrohen, werden Umwelt. mehr oder weniger von den Lebensgewohnheiten der Konsumenten verursacht. Lebensstile, die demgegenüber eher als nachhaltig gelten können, könen nur durch deutliche Veränderungen im Bereich der Einstellungen und des Verhaltens von Konsumenten erzielt werden.Der Beitrag liefert eine Zusammenschau dessen, was über die Einflu\faktoren auf das Verbraucherverhalten bekannt ist, soweit es Umweltwirkungen hat, und zeigt ebenso auf, was dazu noch nicht bekannt ist. Als Bezugsrahmen wählt er ein Modell, das Merkmale auf den drei Ebenen Motivation, Fähigkeit und Möglichkeit unterscheidet.Au\er einem überblick über Forschungsergebnisse, die in der Literatur berichtet werden, schildert der Beitrag auch Ergebnisse der Forschergruppe an der Aarhus School of Business, zu der die beiden Autoren des Beitrages gehören. Diese Ergebnisse beziehen sich in erster Linie auf Abfallverhalten und Wiederverwertung.Schlie\lich werden verschiedene Strategien zur Veränderung des Verbraucherverhaltens in umweltfreundlicher Richtung behandelt, vor allem Informationen, moralische Argumente und ökonomische Anreize. Bei der Formulierung von Zielen für solche Veränderungen sollten breite Zielsetzungen, wie z.B. gesteigerte psychische und kommunikative Aktivität in Umweltangelegenheiten, als Alternative zur Erreichung sehr spezifischen Verhaltens erwogen werden.

     

What are student preschool teachers learning about diet in their education in Norway?

This article is based on a qualitative study on diet education among student preschool teachers. The problem under discussion is: What does a student preschool teacher learn in his education about food, meals, and nutrition? The material used in the article comprises interviews with student preschool teachers at one university and one college in Norway. Preschool teacher education is a three years university college study with bachelor degree. The survey results show that student preschool teachers do not receive even the most element training, when it comes to food and meals, including nutrients, vitamins, and minerals, although education must prepare them for a job outside the kindergarten. Practical cooking was almost completely absent in their education, including hygiene. Most student preschool teachers did not know what fat they were to use in cooking. Food and senses, allergies, and food and culture were not discussed in their education. There was little correlation between the formal curricula in connection with food and meals and the training the preschool teacher students received in their education.     

Are born global firms really a “new breed” of exporters? Empirical evidence from an emerging market

Journal of International Entrepreneurship - This study investigates and compares born global (BG) firms and non-BG firms in Malaysia. We employed the multigroup analysis technique with structural...