Under what conditions may social contracts arise? Evidence from the Hanseatic League

Social contractarians commonly take social contracts to be solely hypothetical and refrain from elaborating on the factors that influence the feasibility of the formation of social contracts. In contrast, this paper aims at providing a discussion of the conditions affecting the feasibility of social contracts. I argue that the more aligned the preferences of group members for public goods are, the more the individuals share similar social norms, and the smaller the group is the more feasible a genuine social contract becomes. I provide evidence in support of my contention from the medieval Hanseatic League. At the Hanseatic Kontor in Novgorod, one of the four major trading posts of the Hanseatic League in cities outside of Germany, German merchants agreed to live under the rule of a constitution that gave rise to a political authority for the Kontor society.     

国防支出对经济增长的外部性效应及规模效应的分析

本文采用两部门外部性模型,研究中国国防开支对经济增长的外部性效应及规模效应,利用1978-2008年时间序列数据进行了实证分析,并且与学术界1960-2000年的研究结果做了对比。1978-2008期间的实证研究结果表明:规模效应为负,外部性效应为正。     

论我国实施独立董事制度的主要障碍及相关建议

独立董事制度在公司治理中发挥着极其重要的作用,然而,它的具体实施存在着诸多障碍。首先,必须对法律、证券监管机构制定的行政法规等进行必要的修改,构建出合理的立法体系。其次,必须尽快完善对该制度作用发挥有较大影响的相关制度,使独立董事制度与其它公司机关及法律制度较好地协调起来,共同改善上市公司的治理。     

Small and Medium Enterprise Financing in Transition Economies

This paper studies the financing status of small and medium enterprises (SMEs) in transition economies. Factors causing financing obstacles are indentified and further analyzed to determine their influence over financing patterns. Bank regulatory practices relevant to SMEs’ access to bank loans and their influence over loan structures are identified. This study contributes to the existing body of knowledge by exploring the impact of specific bank regulatory practices on credit lending to SMEs in transition economies.     

Financial Globalization and Banking Crises in Emerging Markets

Bank crises in emerging economies have been a feature of the recent global crisis, and their incidence has increased in the post-Bretton Woods era. This paper investigates the impact of financial globalization on the incidence of systemic bank crises in 20 emerging markets over the years 1976–2002 using measures of de facto and de jure financial openness. An increase in foreign debt liabilities contributes to an increase in the incidence of crises, but foreign direct investment and portfolio equity liabilities have the opposite effect. A more liberal de jure capital regime lowers the incidence of banking crises, while a regime of fixed exchange rates increases their frequency. The results of the econometric analysis is consistent with the experience of East European and central Asian emerging markets, which attracted a relatively large proportion of capital flows in the form of debt in recent years and have been particularly hard hit by the global financial crisis.     

Inflation and Welfare in Latin America

This paper follows Bailey (J Polit Econ 64:93–110, 1956) and Lucas (Econometrica 68:247–274, 2000) and estimates the welfare cost of inflation for 17 Latin American economies. We use annual data, from 1955 to 2000, and recent advances in the field of applied econometrics to estimate the inflation rate elasticity of money demand and report significantly high and differential welfare cost estimates for these economies.     

中国与上合组织其他成员国的贸易格局与合作方向

2017年6月上海合作组织(以下简称上合组织)第十七次峰会——阿斯塔纳峰会期间,上合组织迎来了成立后的首次扩员,巴基斯坦和印度成为该组织的正式成员,这也标志着上合组织发展进入新时期。作为唯一一个立足中国西部的国际化合作平台,上合组织对于中国的向西开放和"丝绸之路经济带"建设有着极为重要的作用。随着印度和巴基斯坦的加入,上合组织又成为连接陆上丝绸之路和海上丝绸之路的服务平台,其在中国对外关系中的作用也大幅提升。然而新成员国的加入也带来了整合困难,新老成员国如何加强贸易往来共同促进上合组织的发展成为新的议题。本文从贸易伙伴重要程度和紧密程度分析了中国与上合组织其他成员国的贸易格局,并基于贸易互补性分析了未来扩大贸易合作可以选择的具体方向。     

赤水河流域(遵义段)旅游开发与生态环境保护耦合发展研究

以赤水河流域(遵义段)五个县(市、区)为研究对象,通过构建旅游开发和生态环境保护评价模型,分析2015～2019年区域旅游开发和生态环境保护现状,并结合耦合协调度模型研究两者耦合协调关系,结果表明:1.域内旅游产业发展地区差异较大,两极分化明显,但年度发展差值随时间呈缩小趋势;2.域内环境保护现状地区差异较大,年度波动...