Handling health-care costs in the '90s

Managed-care programs with utilization reviews may be the best approach to cost cutting. But to really curb costs, providers, insurers, employers and employees must form partnerships to overcome the outrageous inflation in the U.S. health-care system.     

Socioeconomic predictors of forest use values in the Peruvian Amazon: A potential tool for biodiversity conservation

Conservation is a crisis discipline requiring rapid action with limited funds. This study examines the potential of socioeconomic variables to predict forest use values. If natural resource use can be predicted from socioeconomic data, conservation planners could rapidly identify and focus conservation programs on the sectors of local populations that most intensively utilize local flora and fauna. Families in three communities in the northern Peruvian Amazon were surveyed over a 6-month period. Data were collected on use of flora and fauna from six locally determined use categories (food, medicine and poisons, wood, weavings, adornments, and “other”) in forest types of three age classes (fallow fields—very young forests, young secondary forests, and old secondary forests). Forest use values were the dependant variables calculated in $/ha/year. Socioeconomic variables included: age, education, family size, residence time, land worked, land owned, number of fishing nets, chickens, pigs, cows, and/or mules owned (all proxies for productive assets), and level of ecological knowledge (ability of informants to correctly identify forest species and answer basic questions about their biology). Ordinary least square multiple regressions were run independently for each forest type. Regressions were also run separately for the two most valuable use categories, food and wood. Low R² adjusted values (all < 0.3) reflect the difficulty in predicting human behavior due to confounding variables and complex interactions. Residence time and a household's community of residence were the most significant predictors of forest use values. Households in Vista Alegre, the community with the highest density of people and smallest landholdings per household, extracted the highest value of forest products per hectare. The longer a family stayed in any community the higher the value of forest goods they extracted. If families that lived in an area longest are the most intensive extractors of forest products, they should be a major focus for conservation programming. In addition, the higher value of products extracted from forests by some families may make them more open to strategies seeking to protect long-term viability of the resources they utilize. The importance of residence time also indicates that planners need to account for changes in the resource use patterns of stakeholders over time.     

不良贷款约束下的中国银行业全要素生产率增长研究

本文运用共同边界Malmquist-Luenberger生产率指数测度了2004—2009年中国27家商业银行在不良贷款约束下的全要素生产率增长及其成分,并对影响全要素生产率增长的宏观经济因素进行了实证分析。本文的主要结论有:在表示偏离共同边界的技术落差比率方面,国有商业银行呈"V"型,股份制商业银行较平稳,城市商业银行逐步上升;总体上,中国银行业的全要素生产率是进步的,纯技术进步是推动全要素生产率进步的主要动力,纯技术效率变化和规模效率变化进步都不明显,技术规模变化显示中国银行业趋向CRS边界;股份制商业银行的纯技术赶超最优,而潜在技术相对变动方面表现较弱;外资银行进入和固定资产投资增加对银行全要素生产率提高有推动作用。     

经济增长、收入分配对农村贫困变动的影响

文章利用了基于Lorenz曲线进行贫困测度及其分解的方法,实证研究了1985～2003年中国农村的贫困变动,以及经济增长和收入分配对贫困变动的影响.结果表明,经济增长使农村居民收入增加,大幅度减少了贫困,但农村居民的收入差距逐渐拉大,收入不平等加剧部分地抵消了经济增长的减贫成效.     

贸易自由化、人口流动与地区犯罪率

文章探讨了中国贸易自由化进程对犯罪活动的影响及其发生作用的机制。研究基于中国产品层面的关税数据，构建差异性的地区贸易保护指标，衡量各地区贸易自由化程度，进而利用2000-2011年省级面板数据，运用固定效应模型与工具变量法实证检验贸易自由化与犯罪率之间的关系及潜在人口流动的影响机制。结果表明：中国加入WTO后，贸易自由化显著推升了犯罪率水平，且贸易自由化程度越深入的省份，犯罪率提升程度越高，地区效应显著；贸易自由化主要通过增加外来人口流入等渠道推升了犯罪活动。因而，中国在进一步对外开放过程中，要注重处理好贸易自由化带来的负面效应和由此产生的额外社会成本，更加注重流动人口权益的保障，消除劳动力市场扭曲，最小化贸易自由化可能带来的不利影响。     

试论中国高尔夫旅游的发展与规划

高尔夫旅游是新兴的旅游形式,是高尔夫运动和旅游活动这两种资源的有机整合.了解高尔夫旅游的概念,认识中国发展高尔夫旅游的务件,发现中国高尔夫旅游发展带来的积极和消极的影响因素,对中国高尔夫旅游的发展提出相应的规划建议具有重要意义.     

大学生信用卡的诚信市场实证调研及分析——以武汉地区高校为例

商业银行发行的具有信用特征的信用卡,历来是在严格的资信审核前提下稳健发展,其中大学生作为没有固定收入的消费群体,一直以来都被银行拒绝于信用卡的申请门槛之外,然而近些年,信用卡针对高校发起的“突围”让更多的学子成为“刷卡一族”,这其中是什么力量促使信用卡商“圈地”校园,改变其谨慎稳健的态度去挑战高校市场的高风险现实?在这一过程中,卡商又将面临新环境下怎样的新问题?     

地勘单位合同管理面临的问题及措施分析

论文对地勘单位合同管理中问题及措施进行了探讨研究,首先明确地勘单位合同管理工作中现存的主要问题,然后与其中内容相结合,对处理地勘单位合同管理中问题的措施进行分析,希望能够为有关人士提供帮助。     

引入供应链管理思想实现军事物流跨越式发展

供应链管理是物流管理的发展方向和趋势，是一体化的物流管理，是一种新的管理理念和模式。在军事物流领域借鉴和引入供应链管理思想，对提高军事物流保障能力和效益，促进军事物流跨越式发展提供了重要的契机和理论依据。本文从供应链管理的科学内涵、引入供应链管理的必要性以及应关注的几个问题等三个方面进行了论述。     

基尼系数的含义及其不足

本文提出了用基尼系数作为衡量贫富差距的指标以及基尼系数的各种计算方法。同时指出本身的不足与统计上的难度。并认为在当今中国经济高速发展与贫富差距日益扩大的情况下，有必要不断完善这一指标体系，为政府的宏观决策提供有力的准确与科学的依据。