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131.
We analyze the gains of public investments in range productivity when cattle compete for forage with wildlife herbivores. Ignoring extra-market values by applying conventional budget analyses leads to higher cattle stocking rates and lower overall social benefits of public range improvements. This is demonstrated numerically for public forage in British Columbia, where privately profitable cattle stocking rates on newly seeded range exceed those that are socially optimal, perhaps by as much as double depending on the assumptions one makes about marginal preservation benefits. This highlights the importance of applying dynamic optimization, bioeconomic models to analyze investments in public range.
Les auteurs analysent quel gain on tire des sommes publiques investies dans la productivité des grands parcours quand les bovins et les herbivores sauvages se livrent concurrence pour les fourrages. Ne pas tenir compte des valeurs extérieures au marché en recourant à des analyses budgétaires ordinaires entraîne une hausse du taux de chargement et une réduction des avantages sociaux globaux issus de la bonification des grands parcours. Il est possible d'en faire la preuve numérique avec les pâturages publics de la Colombie-Britannique, où les parcours nouvellement ensemencés supportent une population de bovins lucrative pour l'éleveur mais supérieure au taux de chargement optimal socialement, parfois même du double, selon les hypothèses qu'on formule sur les avantages d'une préservation marginale. l'étude souligne bien qu'il est important de recourir à une optimisation dynamique, soit d'utiliser les modèles bio-économiques pour analyser les sommes investies dans l'amélioration des pâturages publics.  相似文献   
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The purpose of the study was two-fold. First, the study tested the claim suggested by Newman et al. (2011) (Human Resource Development Quarterly, 22, 37–47) that data from the Utrecht Work Engagement Scale appears to be redundant with the variance that is uniquely common to job satisfaction, affective organizational commitment, and job involvement. Second, the study tested the hypothesis that the variance in work engagement that is uniquely common to the set of job attitudes studied in Newman et al. is largely positive affect. Analyses not conducted in Newman et al. (2010) (Handbook of Employee Engagement: Perspectives, Issues, Research, and Practice, pp. 43–61) were performed to deconstruct the explained variance in work engagement into commonality coefficients representing all possible subsets of variables. The findings demonstrate that variance uniquely common to job satisfaction, affective organizational commitment, and job involvement did not dominate the regression effect as previously suggested. Further, the study found that almost 50% of the variance that was uniquely common to the job attitudes studied was common with positive affect. The results of this study will help scholars and scholar-practitioners understand the complex relationships between work engagement, job attitudes, and positive affect.  相似文献   
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In‐depth, qualitative interviewing was employed to describe processes and competencies experienced by family science interns, who practiced in a high‐risk ecological context. Twenty interns from a 3‐year period were recruited. All had interned on the same federally funded, HIV/substance abuse prevention grant in the same focal city. Within this sample, it was determined that experiential learning—vis‐à‐vis the internship—facilitated both intrapersonal processes and ecological competencies for family science interns, who may otherwise have lacked this knowledge when assuming professional roles. Implications for policy and practice are discussed.  相似文献   
136.
While the growth of postfordist industrial districts in certain locations in the developed world has been well documented, the impact of the shift toward flexible production in the so-called third world has received less attention. This paper is an attempt to incorporate the dynamic, networked, manufacturing family firms in parts of China into the flexible industrial district debate. We argue that dense networks of small firms emerging in rural China in many ways resemble the industrial districts of the ‘Third Italy’ and elsewhere: they are globally competitive in producing for fast-changing fashionable market niches, they contain networks of relatively autonomous small firms which are at least partially locally owned and managed and which often take part in high-value activities such as design and marketing. We suggest that the social embeddedness of investment and production linkages with ethnic Chinese firms in Hong Kong and Taiwan may be an effective substitute for the spatial concentration of suppliers, producers, designers, and final markets, which is recognized as an important source of innovation and flexibility in core industrial districts. Alors que la croissance des régions industrielles post-fordistes dans certaines parties du monde développé a été bien documentée, l’effet du changement vers la production flexible dans le soi-disant troisième monde a reçu moins d’attention. Cet article tente d’incorporer le réseau d’entreprises industrielles familiales dynamiques de certaines régions de la Chine dans le débat sur les régions industrielles flexibles. Nous pensons que ces denses réseaux de petites entreprises émergeant en Chine rurale ressemblent sous bien des rapports aux régions industrielles de la ‘Troisième Italie’ et d’ailleurs: ils sont compétitifs globalement en ce que leur production est pour des niches de marchéà la mode qui changent rapidement, ils contiennent des réseaux de petites entreprises relativement autonomes dont les propriétaires et managers sont, au moins en partie, locaux, et qui participent souvent à des activités de valeur élevée comme le design et le marketing. Nous suggérons que l’engagement social de l’investissement et des liens de production avec les entreprises ethniques chinoises de Hong Kong et Taï?wan peuvent fournir un remplacement efficace à la concentration spatiale des fournisseurs, producteurs, et marchés terminaux, qui est reconnue comme une source importante d’innovation et de flexibilité dans les régions industrielles centrales.  相似文献   
137.
A series of laboratory double auction experiments is conducted to examine whether the order of information releases affects market prices. Behavioral research on belief revision has shown that individuals are influenced by the order in which a series of information items is presented. The experiments are designed to provide a controlled investigation of whether order effects as displayed by individuals also can influence prices in a market setting where outcomes are not a simple aggregation of individual behavior. Significant evidence is found of a recency effect in the experimental asset markets.  相似文献   
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<正>The pace of trade reforms waned from the mid-2000s as protectionist sentiment began to increase.With the onset of the global financial crisis,  相似文献   
140.
This paper examines recent demand systems literature from a methodological standpoint. A survey of the empirical demand systems literature has been assembled that includes 66 articles from 19 separate journals. The paper classifies empirical demand studies according to different methodological paradigms to ascertain if there is a pattern in the demand systems literature and to determine the implications of that classification. The results indicate that the bulk (67%) of demand systems research is implicitly falsificationist (for at least part of the research program). The remainder of the research program follows a conventionalist doctrine.  相似文献   
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