全文获取类型
收费全文 | 39077篇 |
免费 | 491篇 |
专业分类
财政金融 | 7164篇 |
工业经济 | 2632篇 |
计划管理 | 6195篇 |
经济学 | 8721篇 |
综合类 | 720篇 |
运输经济 | 166篇 |
旅游经济 | 397篇 |
贸易经济 | 8073篇 |
农业经济 | 986篇 |
经济概况 | 3892篇 |
信息产业经济 | 45篇 |
邮电经济 | 577篇 |
出版年
2021年 | 166篇 |
2020年 | 264篇 |
2019年 | 375篇 |
2018年 | 2669篇 |
2017年 | 2392篇 |
2016年 | 1599篇 |
2015年 | 413篇 |
2014年 | 559篇 |
2013年 | 2498篇 |
2012年 | 1097篇 |
2011年 | 2552篇 |
2010年 | 2389篇 |
2009年 | 2195篇 |
2008年 | 2147篇 |
2007年 | 2387篇 |
2006年 | 666篇 |
2005年 | 911篇 |
2004年 | 971篇 |
2003年 | 1063篇 |
2002年 | 752篇 |
2001年 | 516篇 |
2000年 | 544篇 |
1999年 | 427篇 |
1998年 | 446篇 |
1997年 | 410篇 |
1996年 | 406篇 |
1995年 | 358篇 |
1994年 | 348篇 |
1993年 | 389篇 |
1992年 | 360篇 |
1991年 | 356篇 |
1990年 | 344篇 |
1989年 | 303篇 |
1988年 | 284篇 |
1987年 | 282篇 |
1986年 | 315篇 |
1985年 | 444篇 |
1984年 | 402篇 |
1983年 | 411篇 |
1982年 | 320篇 |
1981年 | 330篇 |
1980年 | 334篇 |
1979年 | 291篇 |
1978年 | 262篇 |
1977年 | 271篇 |
1976年 | 228篇 |
1975年 | 193篇 |
1974年 | 152篇 |
1973年 | 164篇 |
1972年 | 112篇 |
排序方式: 共有10000条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
911.
Rates of Return to Schooling in China 总被引:13,自引:0,他引:13
This study uses data from a 1988 survey of Chinese individuals to estimate rates of return to schooling in China. The Mincer-type rate of return to schooling was estimated at 4.02 percent in the rural areas and 3.29 percent in the urban areas; these are fairly low estimates compared with similar estimates in other countries. The rate of return to schooling for females was significantly higher than that for males in urban areas. In addition, members of the Communist Party in urban areas had significantly lower returns to schooling compared with non-members. 相似文献
912.
TAX REFORM 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
GERALD P. O'DRISCOLL THOMAS R. SAVING HERBERT C. GRUBEL ARNOLD C. HARBERGER MILTON FRIEDMAN W. LEE HOSKINS 《Contemporary economic policy》1997,15(1):1-20
After brief individual presentations, panelists discuss among themselves and with the audience a broad spectrum of issues regarding various taxes and tax reform proposals. The discussion includes such issues as privatizing Social Security and Medicare, eliminating income tax withholding, and the merits and demerits of income taxes, consumption taxes, value added taxes, sales taxes, and taxes on resources that have an inelastic supply. One panelist relates his recent experiences using his tools as an economist to deal with tax and related issues as a current member of the Canadian Parliament. Another cites practical problems of implementing tax reform from his long experience advising governments, especially in Latin America. A major focus of the exchange of views is on public choice problems involved in passing and implementing a so-called flat tax. However, the discussion also deals with economic efficiency and equity considerations and with nearly all other types of taxes. The discussion includes not only the impact on the country within which tax reform occurs, but international implications, as well. 相似文献
913.
Katarina Elofsson 《Environmental and Resource Economics》2007,36(2):143-162
Unilateral abatement is sometimes advocated in order to set a good example that will make other countries follow. The aim
of this paper is to investigate whether existence of correlated cost uncertainty provides an incentive for a country to undertake
unilateral abatement. The theoretical model is driven by two main mechanisms; first, a learning effect, as the follower country
might reduce its risk premium as it can observe the cost level in the leader country. Second, there is the public good effect,
i.e., the marginal benefit of abatement declines when abatement is a public good and other countries contribute to pollution
reductions. Results shows that unilateral abatement would be efficient in reducing uncertainty about the unit costs of abatement
if a country with low cost uncertainty would undertake abatement first, while a country with initially high cost uncertainty
would follow. However, countries may prefer to act simultaneously because of the larger uncertainties that are inherent in
a sequential game.
相似文献
914.
This paper considers the problem of a monopoly matchmaker that uses a schedule of entrance fees to sort different types of agents on the two sides of a matching market into exclusive meeting places, where agents randomly form pairwise matches. We make the standard assumption that the match value function exhibits complementarities, so that matching types at equal percentiles maximizes total match value and is efficient. We provide necessary conditions and sufficient conditions for the revenue-maximizing sorting to be efficient. These conditions require the match value function, modified to incorporate the incentive cost of eliciting private type information, to exhibit complementarities in types.JEL Clalssification Numbers C7, D4We thank Jonathan Levin, Tracy Lewis, and the seminar audience at University of California at Los Angeles, University of British Columbia, Duke University, and 2003 Econometric Society North American Summer Meeting for comments and suggestions. We are also grateful for helpful suggestions from the referees and the Editor 相似文献
915.
Tetsuo Ono 《Economic Theory》2007,33(3):549-577
Pension benefits in old age establish a disincentive to save in youth, thereby yielding lower levels of capital stock and
the wage rate. As a result, the trade union has an incentive to change the composition of its two targets: employment and
the wage rate. This paper develops a model that includes employment effects of public pensions via capital accumulation and
union wage setting. Within this framework, we consider how contribution rates to the pension system influence the level and
time path of the unemployment rate. It is demonstrated that (1) a higher contribution rate results in a lower unemployment
rate, and (2) the economy with a high (low) contribution rate experiences monotone convergence towards (oscillatory convergence
towards or a period-2 cycle around) the steady state.
The author would like to thank an anonymous referee, Kazutoshi Miyazawa, and seminar participants at Osaka University for
their useful comments and suggestions, and Masako Ikefuji and Hiroaki Yamagami for their research assistance. Financial support
from the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS) through a Grant-in-Aid for Young Scientists (B) (No.17730131),
the Asahi Glass Foundation, the Japan Economic Research Foundation and the 21st Century COE Program (Osaka University) is
gratefully acknowledged. All remaining errors are mine. 相似文献
916.
Arbitration is increasingly employed to resolve disputes. Two arbitration mechanisms, conventional arbitration (CA) and final-offer
arbitration (FOA) are commonly utilized, but previous theoretical and empirical research has found that they are unsatisfactory.
Several alternative mechanisms have been proposed, but ultimately laboratory research has found that they do not offer an
improvement. An exception is amended final-offer arbitration (AFOA), which not only has desirable theoretical properties but
also has been demonstrated to outperform FOA in the laboratory. This study provides a direct laboratory comparison of AFOA
with CA. Also, by utilizing an environment with an uncertain payoff to one of the parties, this study tests the robustness
of AFOA’s performance relative to FOA. The results indicate that AFOA does outperform FOA, but that AFOA is only weakly better
than CA.
JEL Classification C7, C9, J5, K4 相似文献
917.
918.
Repeated dichotomous choice contingent valuation data are generated from responses to a succession of binary questions regarding
alternative prices for an environmental good. In this paper we propose a simultaneous equation model that allows for endogeneity
and error correlation across the responses at each stage of the bidding process. The model allows us to study the evolution
of anchoring effects after the second dichotomous choice question. Estimation involves the Bayesian techniques of Gibbs sampling
and data augmentation, and the application focuses on the preservation value of a natural area. The results for a data set
involving up to four successive dichotomous choice questions show that restricted multiple-bounded models are rejected by
the data with the general model. In addition, willingness to pay tends to stabilize after the second stage in the elicitation
process for the general unrestricted model. When taking anchoring effects into consideration, it is revealed that individuals’
responses in the latter stages are influenced by the sequence of bid prices offered in earlier questions. Nevertheless, they
do not have a significant effect on welfare estimates.
相似文献
919.
We experimentally investigate whether individuals can reliably detect cooperators (the nice(r) people) in an anonymous decision
environment involving “connected games.” Participants can condition their choices in an asymmetric prisoners’ dilemma and
a trust game on past individual (their partner’s donation share to a self-selected charity) and social (whether their partner
belongs to a group with high or low average donations) information. Thus, the two measures of niceness are the individual
donation share in the donation task, and the cooperativeness of one’s choice in the two games. We find that high donors achieve
a higher-than-average expected payoff by cooperating predominantly with other high donors. Group affiliation proved to be
irrelevant.
Electronic Supplementary Material Supplementary material is available in the online version of this article at .
JEL Classification C91, C72, D3 相似文献
920.
Maria-Soledad Castaño 《International Advances in Economic Research》2007,13(2):139-145
The main goal of this paper is to analyse the relationship between social capital and economic growth taking into account
the role of fiscal policy from theoretical and empirical points of view. To achieve this goal, “Human Capital and Public Capital
Effects on Economic Growth” is focused on the effects of two traditional factors: human capital and public capital effects
on economic growth. “Social Capital Effects on Economic Growth” considers qualitative variables introducing some socioeconomic
effects on economic growth process analysis. In this case, social capital the main variable will be considered. “Empirical
Analysis,” an empirical analysis is developed considering the case of European countries prior to the EU enlargement. Finally,
in Conclusions,” the main conclusions will be resumed.
相似文献