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51.
CHRISTIAN ROJAS 《The Journal of industrial economics》2008,56(1):1-31
This study utilizes a brand‐level dataset that captures a unique natural experiment, a 100% increase in the excise tax, to evaluate different pricing models in the U.S. beer industry. To assess the plausibility of different models, the increase in marginal cost resulting from the tax increase is exploited: observed prices in the post‐increase period are compared to the prices that should be observed under various pricing models. Three types of models are analyzed: Bertrand‐Nash, leadership, and collusion. Results indicate that extreme cases of collusion can be confidently ruled out while several models may explain the observed prices equally well. 相似文献
52.
ESTER FAIA WOLFGANG LECHTHALER CHRISTIAN MERKL 《Journal of Money, Credit and Banking》2014,46(1):115-144
We study optimal monetary policy and welfare properties of a dynamic stochastic general equilibrium (DSGE) model with a labor selection process, labor turnover costs, and Nash bargained wages. We show that our model implies inefficiencies that cannot be offset in a standard wage bargaining regime. We also show that the inefficiencies rise with the magnitude of firing costs. As a result, in the optimal Ramsey plan, the optimal inflation volatility deviates from zero and is an increasing function of firing costs. 相似文献
53.
Using bilateral foreign direct investment (FDI) stocks around the world, we explore the importance of a wide range of institutional variables as determinants of the location of FDI. While we find that better institutions have overall a positive and economically significant effect on FDI, some institutional aspects matter more than others do. Especially, the unpredictability of laws, regulations and policies, excessive regulatory burden, government instability and lack of commitment play a major role in deterring FDI. For example, the effect of a one standard deviation improvement in the regulatory quality of the host country increases FDI by a factor of around 2. These results are robust to different specifications, estimation methods, and institutional variables. We also present evidence on the significance of institutions as a determinant of FDI over time. 相似文献
54.
We investigate the impact of the European Central Bank's monetary policy communication during the press conference held after the monthly Governing Council meeting on the EUR‐USD exchange rate in high frequency. Based on the method of Content Analysis, we construct communication indicators for the introductory statement and find that communication with respect to future price developments is most relevant. In response to statements about increasing risks to price stability the EUR appreciates on impact. To the contrary, communication about economic activity and monetary aggregates does not generate significant exchange rate reactions. 相似文献
55.
International Differences in the Cost of Equity Capital: Do Legal Institutions and Securities Regulation Matter? 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
This paper examines international differences in firms' cost of equity capital across 40 countries. We analyze whether the effectiveness of a country's legal institutions and securities regulation is systematically related to cross‐country differences in the cost of equity capital. We employ several models to estimate firms' implied or ex ante cost of capital. Our results support the conclusion that firms from countries with more extensive disclosure requirements, stronger securities regulation, and stricter enforcement mechanisms have a significantly lower cost of capital. We perform extensive sensitivity analyses to assess the potentially confounding influence of countries' long‐run growth differences on our results. We also show that, consistent with theory, the cost of capital effects of strong legal institutions become substantially smaller and, in many cases, statistically insignificant as capital markets become globally more integrated. 相似文献
56.
CHRISTIAN BREDEMEIER FALKO JUESSEN ROLAND WINKLER 《Journal of Money, Credit and Banking》2020,52(6):1527-1563
We document substantial heterogeneity in occupational employment dynamics in response to government spending shocks in the United States. Employment rises most strongly in service, sales, and office (“pink-collar”) occupations. By contrast, employment in blue-collar occupations is hardly affected by fiscal policy. We provide evidence that occupation-specific changes in labor demand are key for understanding these findings. We develop a business-cycle model that explains the heterogeneous occupational employment dynamics as a consequence of composition effects due to heterogeneous employment changes across industries and occupation-specific within-industry employment shifts due to differences in the short-run substitutability between labor and capital services across occupations. 相似文献
57.
CHRISTIAN GRISSE 《Journal of Money, Credit and Banking》2023,55(2-3):619-634
Nominal interest rates are constrained by an effective lower bound, but the level of the lower bound is uncertain. This paper uses a simple shadow rate term structure model to study how lower bound uncertainty affects long-term interest rates. A decline in lower bound uncertainty, in the sense of a mean-preserving contraction, is associated with a drop in expected short rates. The effect on the variance of short rates, and hence the term premium, is ambiguous. A calibration to Canadian data suggests that a decline in lower bound uncertainty is associated with a modest drop in interest rates. 相似文献
58.
CHRISTIAN MOSE NIELSEN 《The Manchester School》2006,74(Z1):93-115
During the past 15 years a large number of studies have used the approach suggested by Mishkin (Quarterly Journal of Economics, Vol. 105 (1990), No. 3, pp. 815–828; Journal of Monetary Economics, Vol. 25 (1990), No. 1, pp. 77–95) to examine the information content of the term structure of interest rates about future inflation. The empirical results of these studies, however, are very mixed and often not supportive of the Mishkin model. In addition, many results indicate that the term structure of interest rates only contains limited information about future inflation and that the relationship between the term structure of interest rates and future inflation may not be stable over time. In this paper an extension of the Mishkin model allowing for time‐varying expected real interest rates and inflation risk premia is suggested and tested using monthly UK data from 1983:1 to 2004:10. The empirical results show that while the standard Mishkin model indicates that the term structure of interest rates contains limited information about future inflation, the extended Mishkin model indicates the contrary, i.e. the term structure of interest rates contains much information about future inflation when account is taken of time‐varying expected real interest rates and inflation risk premia—especially when the long end of the term structure of interest rates is considered. Furthermore, the results indicate a potential structural break in the relationship between the term structure of interest rates and future inflation around the time the Bank of England started targeting inflation rates. 相似文献
59.
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