‘Economics with Training Wheels’: Using Blogs in Teaching and Assessing Introductory Economics

Blogs provide a dynamic interactive medium for online discussion, consistent with communal constructivist pedagogy. The author of this article describes and evaluates a blog assignment used in the teaching and assessment of a small (40–60 students) introductory economics course. Using qualitative and quantitative data collected across four semesters, students’ participation in the blog assignment is found to be associated with student ability, gender, and student perceptions of the blog. Importantly, students with past economics experience do not appear to crowd out novice economics students. Student performance is positively associated with the quality of their blog participation after controlling for student ability, suggesting that a focus on quality of student engagement could further improve learning outcomes. Students generally report overall positive experiences with the blog assignment.     

The Collected Works of F.A. Hayek,Vol. 12: The Pure Theory of Capital

This paper discusses the Brazilian financial system and the impact of liquidity preference on regional development in Brazil. In the Post-Keynesian literature, endogenous money is introduced into economic activity through the credit provided by banks. The degree to which banks exhibit lower or higher liquidity preference is crucial to this process. Here we estimate the effect of liquidity preference and other financial variables on the number of Brazilian states' patents, in order to gauge the importance of the bank system to technological progress and regional development.     

The impact of credit rating announcements on credit default swap spreads

We document the ability of the credit default swap (CDS) market to anticipate favorable as well as unfavorable credit rating change (RC) announcements based on more extensive samples of credit rating events and CDS spreads than previous studies. We obtain four new results. In contrast to prior published studies, we find that corporate RC upgrades do have a significant impact on CDS spreads even though they are still not as well anticipated as downgrades. Second, CreditWatch (CW) and Outlook (OL) announcements, after controlling for prior credit rating events, lead to significant CARs at the time positive CW and OL credit rating events are announced. Third, we extend prior results by showing that changes in CDS spreads for non-investment-grade credits contain information useful for estimating the probability of negative credit rating events. Fourth, we find that the CDS spread impact of upgrades but not downgrades is magnified during recessions and that upgrades and downgrades also differ as to the impact of simultaneous CW/OL announcements, investment-grade/speculative-grade crossovers, current credit rating, market volatility, and industry effects.     

Trade Diversion as Firm Adjustment to Trade Policy: Evidence from EU Anti‐dumping Duties on Vietnamese Footwear

This paper evaluates the impact of the 2006 European Union anti‐dumping (AD) action on Vietnamese footwear in three markets: imports to the EU, footwear producers in Vietnam, and the trade diversionary adjustment of Vietnamese firms in the US market. We find that the AD action reduced Vietnamese imports to the EU by as much as 65 per cent. Given that the EU makes up almost two‐thirds of Vietnam's footwear exports and footwear is among the top four export industries for Vietnam, this reduction is economically significant. Consistent with predictions of our model, we find evidence of trade diversion by Vietnamese producers from the EU to the US market. Our difference‐in‐difference estimates of the AD actions on the value of Vietnamese footwear imports to the United States ranged from 69 to 71 per cent over the period 2004–07 and 69 to 72 per cent in terms of quantity. These results highlight the spillover effects of trade policy in third markets when firms adjust to trade barriers. Our results are robust to triple‐difference specifications where we adjust for trend differences and a series of placebo specifications.     

Look who is warning: individual differences in motivation activation influence behaviors during disasters

Abstract

This study investigated individual differences in responses to disasters based on participants’ motivational reactivity and ethical ideology. Motivational reactivity was measured using the motivational activation measure (MAM), which assesses individual differences in appetitive and defensive system activations. Participants (N?=?240) answered survey questions about how they would respond to natural disasters or emergency situations. Results showed that (1) participants with higher defensive activation scores were more likely to report they would share warnings during a disaster situation, (2) high appetitive system activation is associated with high ethical relativism, (3) high defensive system activation is associated with high ethical idealism, and (4) individuals’ personal moral philosophy moderates the effects of MAM score on intention to warn others. Theoretical and practical implications are also discussed.     

What have we learnt about joint working between health and social care?

Joint working between local authorities and the National Health Service (NHS) has been an integral part of health and social care policy in the United Kingdom for many years. Using evidence from two literature reviews this paper argues that there is little indication that joint working delivers the outcomes envisaged in policy. While recent reforms may be beginning to influence improvements, they are undermined by constant reform and professional scepticism.     

Consumer Response to Product Form in Technology‐Based Industries

Product design is a key driver of competitive advantage and new product success. Relative to its importance, product design remains an underresearched area. The authors address this issue by examining the moderating effects of consumer innovativeness and design acumen on consumer response to product form—i.e., the product's visual appearance. Using subjects from the United Kingdom, these effects were tested with a technology‐based product that is expected to be introduced to market in the near future. A technological innovation was chosen because such products are often characterized by an accelerating pace of innovation and shortening life cycles. In such contexts, the product's visual appearance is often critical to success because it drives inferences about the technical capabilities and functional novelty. Our findings indicate that for more innovative consumers, an innovative product form can further enhance perceived value, product liking, and purchase intention. Furthermore, for consumers who possess more design acumen, an innovative product form can increase perceived value and product liking. An innovative product form was not found to enhance purchase intention for consumers with higher levels of design acumen. A primary implication of the study is to consider target market characteristics such as consumer innovativeness and design acumen when selecting a product form strategy. Additional implications include involving consumer innovators in the development and evaluation of product forms and involving consumers with greater design acumen early in the product's introduction so that they may influence other buyers.     

Options trading volume and stock price response to earnings announcements

We examine the effect of options trading volume on the stock price response to earnings announcements over the period 1996–2007. Contrary to previous studies, we find no significant difference in the immediate stock price response to earnings information announcements in samples split between firms with listed options and firms without listed options. However, within the sample of firms with listed options stratified by options volume, we find that higher options trading volume reduces the immediate stock price response to earnings announcements. This conforms with evidence that stock prices of high options trading volume firms have anticipated and pre-empted some earnings information in the pre-announcement period. We also find that higher abnormal options trading volume around earnings announcements hastens the stock price adjustment to earnings news and reduces post-earnings announcement drift.     

Reducing the Cost of the Dairy Program

The effects on farm incomes and consumer prices of elimination of the special export program and both an immediate and phased elimination of the direct subsidy with compensatory increases in support prices are examined. The supply of milk is assumed to be verticle at a level determined by the amount of quota which in turn is set so that butter supplies and demand balance at the support price. The analysis then is concentrated on the demand side which is represented by the demands for 13 categories of dairy products at the consumer level. The demands are represented in a linear programming model to simulate changing relative prices of individual products caused by the changing support prices. Dropping the special export program unambiguously leads to gains in Canadian welfare. Both an immediate and phased reduction of the direct subsidy requires either a large increase in consumer prices or decrease in farm income. All policy alternatives require a reduction of quota. Gradually eliminating the direct subsidy has the advantage that growth in demand due increases in population and per capita incomes will offset the reduction of quota due to the policy. L'article qui suit examine les consequences, aux revenus agricoles et aux consommateurs de l'élimination du programme spécial d'exportation ainsi que de l'élimination immédiate et progressive de la subvention directe avec compensation sur les prix d'indemnités. On suppose que l'offre du lait est verticale à un niveau déterminé par le quota qui lui est établi de façon à ce que l'offre et la demandé du beurre soient en équilibre avec les subventions. L'analyse, est done surtout du côté demande, et, est répresentée par les demandes de 13 catégories de produits laitiers au niveau du consommateur. Les demandes sont répresentées dans un modèle de programmation linéaire simulant le changement des prix relatifs des produits, causé par le changement des subventions. Laisser tomber le programme spécial d'exportation mène éventuellement à une augmentation du bien-être des canadiens. De toute façon l'élimination immédiate et progressive de la subvention directe requière soit une augmentation du prix aux consommateurs ou une diminution dans les revenus agricoles. Toutes alternatives requièrent une réduction du quota. L'avantage de l'élimination progressive est que la demande évoluant de la croissance de la population et des revenus per capita contrebalance la réduction des quotas.