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991.
José Alberto Molina Juan Carlos Campaña Raquel Ortega 《Applied economics letters》2016,23(18):1278-1284
This article studies the determinants of time spent by Spanish consumers on reading, watching TV and listening to the radio. To that end, we estimate a SUR (seemingly unrelated regressions) model with data from the Spanish Time Use Survey for 2009–2010. Our results show that being self-employed has a negative and significant effect on the time dedicated to reading and to watching TV; older individuals spend more time reading, and being male influences the time spent watching TV and listening to the radio, all in a statistically significant and positive way. Additionally, those with a higher level of education spend more time reading, while those with lower levels of education prefer to watch TV. Adults with better health spend less time on both reading and watching TV, and families with larger numbers of children up to age 5 tend to spend less time on all three of our at-home leisure activities. Finally, living in a larger city has a positive effect on the time dedicated to all three options. 相似文献
992.
The aim of this paper is to analyse the role of the survivor dividend in notional defined contribution (NDC) pension schemes. At present, this feature can only be found in the Swedish defined contribution scheme. We develop a model that endorses the idea that the survivor dividend has a strong basis for enabling the NDC scheme to achieve financial equilibrium and that not including the dividend is a non-transparent way of compensating for increases in longevity and/or legacy costs from old pension systems. We also find that the average effect of the dividend remains unchanged for any constant annual rate of population growth, that contributors who reach retirement age always get a higher return than the scheme does, and that population growth enables cohorts with more years of contributions to benefit to a greater extent from the dividend effect. 相似文献
993.
994.
F. Javier Rondán Cataluña Antonio Navarro García Enrique Carlos Díez de Castro 《The International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal》2007,3(4):355-377
The identification of strategic groups in the Spanish franchising area is the main aim of this study. The authors have added
some new strategic variables (not used before) to the study and have classified franchisors between sectors and distribution
strategy. The results reveal the existence of four perfectly differentiated strategic groups (types of franchisors). One of
the major implications of this study is that the variables that build a strategic group vary depending on the respective sector
the network operates in and its distribution strategy. This fact indicates that including sector and distribution strategy
is absolutely necessary to achieve good classifications of franchisor types. 相似文献
995.
Intra-Industry Capital Structure Dispersion 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Why do firms in some industries exhibit very similar debt ratios, while firms in other industries do not? This paper examines the dispersion in leverage ratios among firms within an industry, and relates this dispersion to industry characteristics. We find that more concentrated industries and industries where the use of leasing is more intense exhibit greater intra‐industry dispersion. We also document greater dispersion in industries where firms use less incentive compensation, sit more insiders in their boards, are older, and have larger capital expenditures in relation to their assets. 相似文献
996.
一、前言在区域经济学和经济地理学领域的一个富有争议性的研究话题是地方政府为了使生产区位多样化(空间关系)以及创造就业(发展的关系)而提供给厂商的经济激励。尽管有关激励政策的文献是很广泛的,但是我们对于政策的有效性仍旧没有一个清晰的理解。美国和欧盟一直都在推进激励政策,以图振兴本地/区域经济发展。根据Wassmer(1994) 相似文献
997.
José Carlos Trejo García Estefanía Carolina Rivera Hernández Humberto Ríos Bolívar 《Contaduría y Administración》2017,62(4):1228-1248
This research presents the behavior of the Mexican unemployment rate and shows the dependence with own history and macro variables. The concept of hysteresis or persistence tries to separate this inertia in the unemployment rate and some macroeconomic and endogenous factors. The results show a high inertia in the Mexican labor market, justified by the monetary levels and the dependence of the investment levels, considering the shocks of exports that affect the unemployment in the long term. 相似文献
998.
Promoting Entrepreneurship at the Base of the Social Pyramid via Pricing Systems: A case Study 下载免费PDF全文
J. Lara‐Rubio A. Blanco‐Oliver R. Pino‐Mejías 《International Journal of Intelligent Systems in Accounting, Finance & Management》2017,24(1):12-28
Historically, microfinance institutions (MFIs) have played a significant social role by helping people at the base of the socio‐economic pyramid escape from social exclusion through the creation of microenterprises. However, international banks have recently started competing in the microfinance sector. In this adverse environment, MFI management tools should be more innovative and technologically advanced to increase efficiency, solvency and profitability and to compete with commercial banks on equal terms. This study therefore strives to develop a credit‐risk management tool based on a multilayer perceptron (MLP) credit‐scoring model for a Peruvian MFI, and to calculate the capital requirements and microcredit pricing on both internal ratings‐based (IRB) and standardized approaches, analysing the impact of these models on the management of the MFI. Our findings show that the implementation of an IRB approach with default probabilities obtained from an MLP credit‐scoring model produces the best benefit by the MFIs in terms of higher accuracy (reduction of misclassification costs by 13.78%), lower capital requirements (in the range of 8.5–78%) and the best risk‐adjusted interest rates. Furthermore, with the establishment of interest rates adjusted to the real risk of each client, MFIs are fairer and more socially engaged by preventing economically viable low‐risk projects from becoming unviable due to excessive interest rates. This leads to the creation of more small businesses by people from the base of the socio‐economic pyramid and greater economic development and social cohesion. The IRB model should therefore be implemented to improve MFI solvency, profitability, efficiency, survival, management and social performance. 相似文献
999.
This paper proposes a shadow value-based methodology for the economic valuation of environmental goods. The proposed method derives from a “cost of production perspective”. This type of approach represents advantages with respect to usual methods linked with “demand perspective”, when the interests of future generations is under consideration. The computational procedure is simple and the required information easy to obtain. We explain how the methodology works with the help of a forestry example. 相似文献
1000.
The Luenberger productivity indicator is employed to estimate and decompose productivity change in a sample of cooperative banks operating in 10 EU member states. An average annualised productivity growth of 2.59% is reported between 1996 and 2003, though there is heterogeneity in growth rates across countries. Generally speaking, productivity growth is driven by technological change. However, cooperative banks in southern European banking markets benefit as much from efficiency growth or catching‐up with industry best practice. The results suggest that technology sharing arrangements and greater competition arising from deregulation are positive contributors towards productivity change. 相似文献