全文获取类型
收费全文 | 5035篇 |
免费 | 105篇 |
国内免费 | 1篇 |
专业分类
财政金融 | 853篇 |
工业经济 | 341篇 |
计划管理 | 779篇 |
经济学 | 1084篇 |
综合类 | 65篇 |
运输经济 | 27篇 |
旅游经济 | 63篇 |
贸易经济 | 759篇 |
农业经济 | 233篇 |
经济概况 | 934篇 |
邮电经济 | 3篇 |
出版年
2021年 | 30篇 |
2020年 | 64篇 |
2019年 | 103篇 |
2018年 | 119篇 |
2017年 | 128篇 |
2016年 | 118篇 |
2015年 | 64篇 |
2014年 | 122篇 |
2013年 | 483篇 |
2012年 | 147篇 |
2011年 | 189篇 |
2010年 | 151篇 |
2009年 | 141篇 |
2008年 | 139篇 |
2007年 | 130篇 |
2006年 | 113篇 |
2005年 | 85篇 |
2004年 | 85篇 |
2003年 | 86篇 |
2002年 | 84篇 |
2001年 | 115篇 |
2000年 | 104篇 |
1999年 | 82篇 |
1998年 | 99篇 |
1997年 | 73篇 |
1996年 | 70篇 |
1995年 | 87篇 |
1994年 | 57篇 |
1993年 | 83篇 |
1992年 | 74篇 |
1991年 | 79篇 |
1990年 | 71篇 |
1989年 | 76篇 |
1988年 | 66篇 |
1987年 | 70篇 |
1986年 | 74篇 |
1985年 | 78篇 |
1984年 | 89篇 |
1983年 | 64篇 |
1982年 | 70篇 |
1981年 | 66篇 |
1980年 | 76篇 |
1979年 | 65篇 |
1978年 | 46篇 |
1977年 | 49篇 |
1976年 | 39篇 |
1975年 | 48篇 |
1974年 | 33篇 |
1973年 | 39篇 |
1972年 | 33篇 |
排序方式: 共有5141条查询结果,搜索用时 0 毫秒
101.
Eugene N. White 《Cliometrica》2007,1(2):115-144
The crash of the French stock market in 1882 presented the Paris Bourse with its worst crisis of the nineteenth century. Its
structure was similar in key respects to today’s futures markets, with a dominant forward market leading the Bourse to adopt
a common fund to guarantee transactions and liquidity. While this mutualization of risk protects clients and brokers from
idiosyncratic shocks, it is generally assumed that it also provides considerable protection against systemic shocks, as no
twentieth century exchange has been forced to shut down. Using new archival data, this paper shows how a stock market crash
overwhelmed the Bourse’s common fund. Only an emergency loan from the Bank of France, intermediated by the largest banks,
prevented a closure of the Bourse.
相似文献
Eugene N. WhiteEmail: |
102.
Environmental and Resource Economics - A large fraction of the world’s poor rely on rain-fed agriculture, which makes them vulnerable to changes in rainfall patterns. In this paper, we... 相似文献
103.
Borghan N. Narajabad 《Review of Economic Dynamics》2012,15(4):526-550
Several studies have attributed the rise of household bankruptcy in the past two decades to the decline of social stigma associated with default. Stigma explanations, however, cannot account for the large increase in the use of unsecured credit during this period. I explain the simultaneous increase in bankruptcy rates and unsecured credit as the result of improvements in credit-rating technologies. Using an environment where borrowers face heterogeneous default costs (unobservable by creditors), I show that such improvements will lead to agents with high default costs, i.e., “safe” borrowers, being able to borrow more. A quantitative example illustrates that this increased access to credit can be large enough to raise both equilibrium borrowing and default rates. 相似文献
104.
This paper analyses the efficacy of regional and federal government policies in reducing inter‐regional unemployment disparities. We use as our framework a two‐region general equilibrium model with a given freely‐mobile supply of labour. We assume inter‐regional migration to occur in response to inter‐regional utility differentials. Each region has households, firms and a regional government. In addition to regional governments, there is a federal government. The firms in a region use a single factor, labour, to produce a single good which we assume to be different to that produced in the other region. It is supplied to households and to the regional government in the form of payroll taxes. Households consume some, trade some with households in the other region and give some up to the federal government as income tax. Firms and households bargain over wages and firms then choose employment to maximise profits. The resulting equilibrium will generally not be a full‐employment one. We simulate a linearised numerical version of the model. We examine seven alternative policies, six carried out by a regional government and one by the federal government. In the first group there are traditional tax/expenditure polices as well as policies which might be seen as attacking the natural rate of unemployment: changes in unemployment benefits, changes in union power, changes in the labour force and changes in labour productivity. The federal government policy is a regionally‐differentiated fiscal policy. Contrary to expectations, many policies which have traditionally been recommended to alleviate unemployment are found, in fact, to exacerbate the unemployment problem. 相似文献
105.
Ronald N. Kostoff Author Vitae Joel A. Block Author Vitae Author Vitae Michael B. Briggs Author Vitae Author Vitae Jesse A. Stump Author Vitae Author Vitae Terence J. Lyons Author Vitae Author Vitae 《Technological Forecasting and Social Change》2008,75(2):276-299
Literature-related discovery (LRD) is the linking of two or more literature concepts that have heretofore not been linked (i.e., disjoint), in order to produce novel, interesting, plausible, and intelligible knowledge (i.e., potential discovery). The open discovery systems (ODS) component of LRD starts with a problem to be solved, and generates solutions to that problem through potential discovery. We have been using ODS LRD to identify potential treatments or preventative actions for challenging medical problems, among myriad other applications. The five immediately preceding papers in this Special Issue describe the application of ODS LRD to Raynaud's Phenomenon (RP), cataracts, Parkinson's Disease (PD), Multiple Sclerosis (MS), and Water Purification (WP). We describe the lessons learned from each application, and how the techniques can be improved further.Generation of much potential discovery using ODS LRD is possible when the conceptual roadblocks to discovery are removed. Some of these roadblocks include use of numerical filters that are unrelated to generating discovery, and excessive reliance on literatures directly related to the problem literature of interest. The issue of how to handle large amounts of potential discovery has not been addressed in the literature, since most ODS LRD researchers have tried to find a relatively few potential discovery items. We present a development strategy that capitalizes on the large amounts of potential discovery we have identified. 相似文献
106.
Growth in overall life expectancy is straining the Social Security budget, and the gap in life expectancy between the rich and poor is widening. Motivated by these facts, this paper does four things. First, we develop a simple way to summarize the degree of progressivity in a Social Security system. Second, we show that growth in the life expectancy gap over the last few decades unwinds three-quarters of the progressivity of the Social Security system. Third, we develop simple reforms to Social Security that maintain the progressivity of the system and restore fiscal solvency. Fourth, we estimate the welfare effects of these potential reforms. 相似文献
107.
We examine the innovation performance of MNE subsidiaries and their embeddedness in sources of local knowledge in a policy
framework within the context of an emerging economy. Based on first-hand evidence from multiple case studies, we found that:
(1) there was variability between the subsidiaries in terms of the cumulative manner and speed at which they improved their
innovation performance over time, using progressively levels of accumulated capability as a proxy; (2) these differences in
innovation performance improvement reflected heterogeneity between the subsidiaries in terms of the learning efforts made to acquire knowledge from local organizations; (3) the varied frequency in which the subsidiaries developed such local
relationships reflects their differing responses to a common industrial policy that makes use of tax incentives to stimulate
such links. The paper reveals the limitations of this conventional type of industrial policy in stimulating industrial development
and the embeddedness of MNEs. It also suggests that a new direction for policy, which incorporates public–private negotiations
and a focus on the firm-centred building of innovation capabilities, should be pursued in order to accelerate the innovation
performance progress of latecomer firms. 相似文献
108.
Journal of Bioeconomics - Recent years have witnessed a substantial decline of both managed and wild bees in Europe due to the increase of pesticides use. Hence, many European agricultural systems... 相似文献
109.
Charles J. Corbett Frank J. C. Debets Luk N. Van Wassenhove 《Environmental and Resource Economics》1996,7(3):287-305
Selection and execution of site decontamination projects is often best left to local authorities, in accordance with the subsidiarity principle, even though the budget for such projects is made available through a central authority. In this paper we suggest a practical budget allocation policy which a central authority can employ to allocate budgets to local authorities, while still optimising the central authority's environmental objective function. The procedure is fully consistent with the principle of decentralisation of responsibility for selection and execution of projects, and requires a minimum information exchange between local and central levels. Despite the information asymmetry between local and central levels, incentive compatibility problems can be (partially) prevented by choosing an appropriate evaluation mechanism. At the same time, the procedure is computationally effective and efficient, and can guarantee a fair budget allocation, making it easy to implement and politically acceptable. 相似文献
110.