中国马铃薯分省碳足迹核算与减排策略研究——基于生命周期评价法

目的 核算马铃薯碳足迹,分析马铃薯碳足迹变化特征,探寻碳减排途径,为农业固碳减排和实现碳达峰碳中和目标提供数据支撑。方法 文章利用生命周期评价法（Life Cycle Assessment,LCA）对2011—2020年中国马铃薯种植阶段的碳足迹进行核算,研究分析各种植区以及省级马铃薯碳足迹年际变化和马铃薯碳足迹构成,为马铃薯典型种植区提供减排建议。结果 2011—2020年中国省级马铃薯碳排放总量呈现波浪式下降趋势。在时间尺度上,马铃薯单位面积碳足迹呈现明显的上升趋势,年均增长77.5kg CO₂eq/hm²（P<0.01）;单位产量碳足迹呈现缓慢降低趋势,平均每10年下降0.129t CO₂eq/t （P <0.1）;在空间尺度上,北方一作区和西南单双季作区的马铃薯的单位面积碳足迹处于正增长状态,马铃薯的单位产量碳足迹在除甘肃、新疆以外的大部分地区处于减少状态,马铃薯还有很大的减排空间。在马铃薯碳足迹构成中,肥料（77.72%）是马铃薯种植阶段碳足迹的主要来源,其次是农膜（9.64%）和灌溉（8.46%）。结论 综合比较马铃薯各地区的碳足迹发现,西南单双季作区和南方冬作区的减排潜力最大,其次是中原二作区和北方一作区,马铃薯减排重心逐渐南移。马铃薯减排增产已取得了阶段性成果,未来仍有很大发展空间,其中肥料是马铃薯减排的主要入手点,各种植区应制定适合本区特征的减排方案,大力推广先进减排技术,实现马铃薯减排与增产协同发展。     

软硬结合分类方法提取特定地物信息*——以冬小麦为例

[目的]针对影像上纯净、混合像元共存的现象,文章结合硬分类方法和软分类方法各自的优势,提出了目标地物信息的软硬结合的分类方法。[方法]该方法将遥感影像划分为典型目标地物像元、非目标地物像元和混合目标地物像元3个部分。典型的目标地物像元和非目标地物像元,采用硬分类方法(ISODATA)聚类确定类型;混合目标地物像元采用非线性支撑向量回归混合像元分解模型,从目标地物端元光谱库和非目标地物端元光谱库中多次随机选择像元,进行目标地物不同丰度值的混合像元模拟,构建样本库进行支撑向量回归,提取出混合像元的目标地物丰度。该文以冬小麦为研究对象,选用2006年4月7日的TM影像,采用软硬结合的分类方法进行冬小麦识别。[结果]较传统的硬、软分类方法,软硬结合分类方法精度高,总体精度达到了90.2%;而软分类方法为86.6%,硬分类方法为81.6%。[结论]软硬结合的分类方法克服了硬分类方法对混合像元信息提取受到光谱不确定影响,也克服了软分类方法受到光谱异质性干扰的问题。该分类方法简便、易操作,适合单目标特定地物的信息提取。     

Factorial validation of hospitality service attitude

Numerous studies have shown that service attitude is a cornerstone of the client's perception of service quality. However, little research has explored the construct of service attitude from the customers’ perspective. This study collected data from two sets of samples consisting of 448 customers from international hotels in Taiwan. Through a rigorous process, the results testify service attitude, the most frequently mentioned sub-dimension of interaction quality, and conclude its four dimensions: Problem-solving, empathy, enthusiasm, and friendliness. Implications for practical applications and research limitations are also provided.     

Rescuing Businesses through Transnationalism: Embedded Chinese Enterprise and Nationalist Activities in Singapore in the 1930s Great Depression

This article argues that the embeddedness of Chinese enterprisesin Singapore society explains the limited success of the nationalistmovement in Singapore. To respond to the economic crisis inthe 1930s, Chinese business elites employed nationalist rhetoricto appeal to their compatriots in the British colony to supportChinese "national products." With dual allegiance to both Britishrule and Chinese national identity, Chinese business nationaliststook a transnational approach. Because Chinese business communitiesin Singapore were organized along subethnic lines, Chinese transnationalismfailed to surmount these social divisions.     

The Effect of Prevailing Wage Regulations on Contractor Bid Participation and Behavior: A Comparison of Palo Alto,California with Four Nearby Prevailing Wage Municipalities

This sample of bids by union and nonunion contractors on and off municipal prevailing wage projects in the San Francisco Bay area of California provides the first empirical evidence examining the effects of prevailing wage regulations on contractor participation and bidding behavior. The data show that the presence of prevailing wage regulations does not decrease the number of bidders nor alter the bidding behavior of contractors relative to the engineer's estimate of the value of the project. Furthermore, in this heavily unionized area during an upswing in the business cycle, the presence of prevailing wage regulations did not discourage the participation of nonunion contractors nor reduce their chances of winning work.     

Assessing the asymmetric impact of interpretation environment service quality on museum visitor experience and post-visit behavioral intentions: a case study of the National Palace Museum

This paper examines the asymmetric positive–negative relationship between interpretation environment service quality, museum visitor experience, and post-visit behavioral intentions. The researchers collected 406 valid questionnaires from visitors to the main exhibit building in the National Palace Museum. Results suggest that the asymmetric effect differs depending on the attribute being examined. When visitors reported their perceptions of personal and sociocultural interpretation environment services, negative perceptions had a larger impact on museum visitor experience than positive perceptions. Moreover, results suggest that museum visitor experience functions as a mediator between perceptions of interpretation environment service quality and post-visit behavioral intentions.     

Freight train scheduling with elastic demand

A train slot selection model based on multicommodity network flow concepts is developed for determining freight train timetables for scheduling rail services along multiple interconnected routes. The model seeks to minimize operating costs incurred by carriers and delays incurred by shippers while ensuring that the schedules and demand levels are mutually consistent. A column generation-based methodology is proposed for train slot selection to meet frequency requirements. This methodology is embedded in a simulation-based iterative framework, where demand for rail services is re-computed in accordance with the train schedule obtained by solving the freight train scheduling problem.     

Investor legal protection,capitalized development costs,and audit fees: A cross‐country analysis

Our study explores the association between capitalized development costs and audit fees. International Accounting Standard No. 38 stipulates the discretion to capitalize the development costs of internally generated intangible assets. We find a positive association between capitalized development costs and audit fees, which reflects auditors’ concern that managers may use the discretion of development cost capitalization to manipulate earnings. Moreover, this positive association is mitigated by stronger investor legal protection because stronger investor legal protection alleviates the earnings management concern from capitalized development costs. These results suggest that country‐level legal regimes affect auditors’ perception on client firms’ accounting choices. Our study contributes to the literature exploring how legal regimes affect auditor behaviors.     

Is it all about religious faith? Exploring the value of contemporary pilgrimage among senior travelers

This study explores the values of pilgrimage exhibited by senior travelers in Taiwan. We identify and explore both spiritual and social values by applying means-end chain theory and the laddering technique. This study investigates the hierarchical relationship among pilgrimage attributes, the consequences that senior pilgrims obtained, and the satisfaction of personal values as an ultimate goal. The clear links are found among attributes, consequences, and values with social interactions that are acquired by keeping in touch with friends, followed by spiritual succor and support that connects with supporting temples, praying, and vow redemption. These findings provide novel insights into pilgrimage literature.