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981.
The literature currently proposes several capital structure theories whose predictions are generally mutually exclusive. Empirical testing to date has been subject to serious conceptual and econometric problems. The present study, which is carried out on a cross-section of industrial firms, attempts to overcome several deficiencies in earlier studies. Although the results are more consistent with Miller's 1977 hypothesis that the value of the firm is independent of leverage in the absence of leverage-related costs than they are with those theories which predict a value-maximizing optimum debt level, there is significant evidence that the value of the firm may be negatively related to leverage over a broad range of debt usage. 相似文献
982.
Douglas S Bridges 《Journal of Economic Theory》1985,36(1):149-155
Let > be an interval order on a topological space X, and let if and only if there exists x′ with . Then >1 is a preference relation with transitive indifference, which, under suitable conditions, can be represented by a utility function v of the usual sort. In that case, maximisation of v (subject to contraints) leads to a most preferred point relative to >. Following both the Debreu-Rader and the Arrow-Hahn approaches, we discuss the existence and continuity of such a function v. 相似文献
983.
M. S. Sridhar 《R&D Management》1985,15(3):243-249
The paper sets out the methodology adapted and the sample studied, analyses the productivity of space scientists and engineers in terms of number of papers published with full as well as fractional authorship credits, discusses in detail the pattern of collaboration of space technologists in publishing papers, and lastly, identifies nonintersecting informal communication groups and 'communication stars' based on collaboration. 相似文献
984.
Lyn S. Amine S. Tamer Cavusgil Robert I. Weinstein 《Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science》1986,14(3):21-32
Recent legislation in the U.S. concerning export trading companies has drawn attention to the Japanese general trading companies.
While the intent of the ETC Act was not to replicate the sogo shosha model in the U.S., there are some parallels which we
can identify. In this paper we examine the evolving forms of the sogo shosha and ETCs, and show how they compete directly
in some areas of international trade. Although early performance results for U.S. ETCs are not encouraging, longer term results
are expected to improve. To support this expectation, we identify current problems and offer recommendations for improvement.
These recommendations are framed in the context of the U.S. business environment, and implications for public policy are assessed. 相似文献
985.
Canadian statistics of the health care delivery system are generated under a variety of concepts, methodologies, definitions, and classifications by the numerous individual units, institutions, and organizations involved. This paper presents an overview and a framework for satellite accounts on health care delivery. Its objective is to enable the organization of economic and financial information on health care delivery activities from different sources into a set of consistent statistics detailing current expenditures, current revenues, purposes of spending, and source and application of funds in the health care delivery system. It is recognized that this economic framework is only a first stage in establishing a complete health information framework which could link economic with social and demographic data. A sample set of accounts for the province of Ontario in the fiscal year 1977-78 is presented to demonstrate the feasibility of establishing such satellite accounts. 相似文献
986.
In this paper we offer insights about the type of societies that are more likely to generate and promote innovation. In particular, we present results from a study of innovation through computational social simulations to focus on a structural aspect of societies: their degree of separation and how this social characteristic may be related to what, how and why new ideas and solutions can replace existing wide-spread practices in a society. We focus on the work of design practitioners and sustainable design as an example to illustrate these insights. 相似文献
987.
S. M. Lavlinskii 《Studies on Russian Economic Development》2007,18(1):68-74
The author’s experience in developing terms of production sharing agreements for certain oil and gas projects in Krasnoyarsk krai is described, and a methodological approach is formulated which employs special model tools for selecting agreement parameters that ensure a tradeoff between the interests of the investor and the state. 相似文献
988.
In this study, financial implications of differential voting right/multiple ordinary share class capitalizations are examined using data from British dual-class firms. Positive wealth effects are observed after announcements of plans to issue restricted voting (RV) shares, and also after announcements of RV share enfranchisement plans. The two share classes are usually created through large, noncash stock dividends or recapitalizations and, although corporate insiders hold about three times as large a fraction of superior voting (SV) shares, their RV shareholdings average a nontrivial 10.1 percent. Finally, compensation is usually paid to SV shareholders when RV shares are enfranchised. 相似文献
989.
The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between return and yield in the context of ex ante data from The Value Line Investment Survey and by examining the role of dividends as a proxy for risk. The use of ex ante data should substantially reduce the confounding of tax and information effects that has affected earlier studies. Heteroscedasticity is detected in the after-tax CAPM and found to be negatively related to yield and positively related to beta. Maximum likelihood methods are used to correct for heteroscedasticity and generate efficient coefficient estimates. Using data for each of the years 1973 through 1983, there is an overall positive relationship between expected return and yield. However, coefficient estimates of yield are highly variable from year to year. 相似文献
990.
Summary Attention for biases in the measurement of the Elasticity of Substitution (ES) in applied international trade flow modelling has a long tradition. It was mostly directed at the issue of the acceptability of the (often implicit) assumptions made on the parameters of the underlying demand model. The purpose of this paper is to prove both theoretically and with the help of some numerical examples that another strong potential source of biases in assessingES's in trade modelling does exist which gained remarkably little attention in the literature, namely, the regional pattern of international trade flows. 相似文献