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21.
22.
Christopher D. Ittner William N. Lanen & David F. Larcker 《Journal of Accounting Research》2002,40(3):711-726
This study examines the association between activity-based costing and manufacturing performance. Results using a cross-sectional sample of manufacturing plants indicates that extensive ABC use is associated with higher quality levels and greater improvements in cycle time and quality, and is indirectly associated with manufacturing cost reductions through quality and cycle time improvements. However, on average, extensive ABC use has no significant association with return on assets. Instead, we find weak evidence that the association between ABC and accounting profitability is contingent on the plant's operational characteristics. 相似文献
23.
The last thirty years have witnessed the appearance and rapid expansion of Islamic banking both inside and outside the Islamic world. Islamic banks provide financial products that do not violate Sharia , the Islamic law of human conduct. The Islamic principles upon which the banks claim to operate give an important role to social issues. Applying these principles, we develop a benchmark set of social disclosures appropriate to Islamic banks. These are then compared, using a disclosure index approach, the actual social disclosures contained in the annual reports of twenty-nine Islamic banks (located in sixteen countries) to this benchmark. In addition, content analysis is undertaken to measure the volume of social disclosures. Our analysis suggests that social reporting by Islamic banks falls significantly short of our expectations. The results of the analysis also suggest that banks required to pay the Islamic religious tax Zakah provide more social disclosures than banks not subject to Zakah . 相似文献
24.
New Product Development For Service Companies 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
Christopher J. Easingwood 《Journal of Product Innovation Management》1986,3(4):264-275
It is well known that services differ from manufactured goods in a number of significant ways. Services are largely intangible, produced and consumed simultaneously, heterogeneous and perishable. These differences can lead to changes in service management. Christopher J. Easingwood has investigated how new products development practices in service organizations may reflect these differences. He has profiled practices found in a sample of service companies in the United Kingdom on topics ranging from idea generation to post-launch assessment, together with the strategic role and organizational location of new products. A number of special characteristics of the new product activity in services companies are identified. For instance, the number of new product introductions may be restricted due to customer and staff confusion when faced with a proliferation of service products. Test markets are used primarily to ensure the proper functioning of the service rather than to provide a base for a national sales projection. These and other characteristics appear to be appropriate adaptations to the special features of services. They are part of a pattern that shows some of the ways that service companies have adapted the new product development process to meet unique problems in the service environment. 相似文献
25.
Linda Westman Christopher Luederitz Aravind Kundurpi Alexander Julian Mercado Olaf Weber Sarah Lynne Burch 《Business Strategy and the Environment》2019,28(2):388-402
Small‐ and medium‐sized enterprises (SMEs) can play a crucial role in advancing environmental and social well‐being. Yet various—often conflicting—explanations have been offered to clarify why SMEs pursue sustainability. Some arguments foreground possibilities of profit maximization, whereas others emphasize individual values and convictions. Research supporting such contradicting explanations is often biased towards large enterprises or small, innovative frontrunners. In this article, we examine the underlying drivers of social and environmental interventions of SMEs by exploring empirical data from a survey of over 1,600 Canadian SMEs and complementary in‐depth interviews. We argue that sustainability actions of SMEs can be understood by viewing these firms as social actors—organizations that are shaped by individual values, internal and external interpersonal relationships, and are embedded in a social environment. This conceptualization directs attention to the full range of factors that shape sustainability engagement of SMEs and highlights frequently overlooked forms of sustainability‐oriented actions. 相似文献
26.
Stephen J. Carson Robert D. Jewell Christopher Joiner 《Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science》2007,35(2):172-183
Prior empirical research suggests that consumers perceive pioneers as more prototypical (i.e., representative) of their product
categories than me-too followers. This prototypicality advantage is believed to contribute to an enduring marketplace advantage
for the pioneer. We extend research into pioneering prototypicality advantages by considering the ramifications of simultaneous
product design (i.e., product attribute) evolutions. We hypothesize that the simultaneous evolution of product designs of
both the pioneer and me-too will diminish the pioneer’s prototypicality advantage over the me-too, even though the me-too
does not initiate the change. To test our hypotheses, we create an experimental environment consisting of four cells, each
corresponding to a different marketplace scenario: a no-change condition; a simultaneous-evolution condition; a pioneer-updates-first
condition; and a leapfrogging (i.e., me-too updates first) condition. The results suggest that simultaneous design evolutions
can diminish the pioneer’s prototypicality advantage. As a result, me-too entry may be a more attractive strategy in the long-run
than currently believed in product categories characterized by substantial design evolution.
相似文献
Christopher JoinerEmail: |
27.
James Christopher Westland 《International Journal of Intelligent Systems in Accounting, Finance & Management》2020,27(2):95-107
This research developed and tested machine learning models to predict significant credit card fraud in corporate systems using Sarbanes‐Oxley (SOX) reports, news reports of breaches and Fama‐French risk factors (FF). Exploratory analysis found that SOX information predicted several types of security breaches, with the strongest performance in predicting credit card fraud. A systematic tuning of hyperparamters for a suite of machine learning models, starting with a random forest, an extremely‐randomized forest, a random grid of gradient boosting machines (GBMs), a random grid of deep neural nets, a fixed grid of general linear models where assembled into two trained stacked ensemble models optimized for F1 performance; an ensemble that contained all the models, and an ensemble containing just the best performing model from each algorithm class. Tuned GBMs performed best under all conditions. Without FF, models yielded an AUC of 99.3% and closeness of the training and validation matrices confirm that the model is robust. The most important predictors were firm specific, as would be expected, since control weaknesses vary at the firm level. Audit firm fees were the most important non‐firm‐specific predictors. Adding FF to the model rendered perfect prediction (100%) in the trained confusion matrix and AUC of 99.8%. The most important predictors of credit card fraud were the FF coefficient for the High book‐to‐market ratio Minus Low factor. The second most influential variable was the year of reporting, and third most important was the Fama‐French 3‐factor model R2 – together these described most of the variance in credit card fraud occurrence. In all cases the four major SOX specific opinions rendered by auditors and the signed SOX report had little predictive influence. 相似文献
28.
When agents are liquidity constrained, two options exist – sell assets or borrow. We compare the allocations arising in two economies: in one, agents can sell government (outside) bonds and in the other they can borrow by issuing (inside) bonds. All transactions are voluntary, implying no taxation or forced redemption of private debt. We show that any allocation in the economy with inside bonds can be replicated in the economy with outside bonds but that the converse is not true. However, the optimal policy in each economy makes the allocations equivalent. 相似文献
29.
30.
This paper focuses on the innovative actions of entrepreneurs, namely their tendency to reveal the intellectual capital that
results from their research efforts either in the form of public knowledge (publications) or private knowledge (patents).
Using data collected by the National Research Council within the US National Academies from their survey of firm’s that received
National Institutes of Health phase II Small Business Innovation Research awards between 1992 and 2001, we find that entrepreneurs
with academic backgrounds are more likely to publish their intellectual capital compared with entrepreneurs with business
backgrounds, who are more likely to patent their intellectual capital. We also find that, when universities are research partners,
their presence complements the tendencies of academic entrepreneurs but does not offset those of business entrepreneurs. 相似文献