全文获取类型
收费全文 | 14737篇 |
免费 | 419篇 |
专业分类
财政金融 | 3232篇 |
工业经济 | 1149篇 |
计划管理 | 2331篇 |
经济学 | 3183篇 |
综合类 | 152篇 |
运输经济 | 100篇 |
旅游经济 | 225篇 |
贸易经济 | 2277篇 |
农业经济 | 643篇 |
经济概况 | 1850篇 |
信息产业经济 | 2篇 |
邮电经济 | 12篇 |
出版年
2023年 | 77篇 |
2021年 | 86篇 |
2020年 | 201篇 |
2019年 | 259篇 |
2018年 | 340篇 |
2017年 | 340篇 |
2016年 | 319篇 |
2015年 | 213篇 |
2014年 | 336篇 |
2013年 | 1604篇 |
2012年 | 404篇 |
2011年 | 500篇 |
2010年 | 449篇 |
2009年 | 461篇 |
2008年 | 425篇 |
2007年 | 386篇 |
2006年 | 345篇 |
2005年 | 281篇 |
2004年 | 285篇 |
2003年 | 274篇 |
2002年 | 277篇 |
2001年 | 276篇 |
2000年 | 292篇 |
1999年 | 300篇 |
1998年 | 302篇 |
1997年 | 277篇 |
1996年 | 241篇 |
1995年 | 233篇 |
1994年 | 261篇 |
1993年 | 265篇 |
1992年 | 280篇 |
1991年 | 280篇 |
1990年 | 227篇 |
1989年 | 200篇 |
1988年 | 180篇 |
1987年 | 177篇 |
1986年 | 180篇 |
1985年 | 250篇 |
1984年 | 271篇 |
1983年 | 258篇 |
1982年 | 235篇 |
1981年 | 210篇 |
1980年 | 186篇 |
1979年 | 184篇 |
1978年 | 169篇 |
1977年 | 140篇 |
1976年 | 129篇 |
1975年 | 138篇 |
1974年 | 104篇 |
1973年 | 103篇 |
排序方式: 共有10000条查询结果,搜索用时 31 毫秒
101.
Björn S. Stefansson 《Quality and Quantity》1991,25(4):389-392
Borda's vote method was used by the French Academy from 1796 to 1803 when Napoleon got it abolished. In the laws and regulations
of the Academy there are stipulations regarding the election of new members. The practice is demonstrated by some examples
from the protocols.
In fact, Borda presented two vote methods which he showed would give the same conclusion. The method which has not been in
the limelight proves to be the same one as is used for selecting the best player in chess tournaments. 相似文献
102.
A number of recent articles have attempted to restore the use of a simple measure of the money supply as an indicator of future price levels and to re-establish a causal link from money to prices. Most notably Hallman, Porter and Small (HPS) (1989a), (1989b) originated the approach using US data and Hannah and James(1989) have applied it to the UK The approach broadens the traditional idea of a constant velocity of money by introducing the notion of V* and Q*, the long-run value of velocity and income. These are then used to define P from the traditional quantity theory of money as the long-run equilibrium price level. The analysis then proceeds to estimate a standard Error Correction Model (ECM) for price determination with the levels effect given by (P-P*)t-1. The conclusion drawn is that 'a measure of money that determines the long-run future level of prices is useful in determining the proper monetary policy for attaining price stability. We have shown, through the construction of P*, that M2 can serve as this determinant for the price level' (Hallman, Porter and Small (1982a) p. 23).
We argue in this paper that the P* approach is flawed. It is certainly more complex than traditional monetarist approaches but the fundamental questions of causality are in no way either affected or resolved. The P* analysis is a variant on more conventional cointegration analysis (Engle and Granger (1987), Johansen (1988), Hall (1989)) and we argue that the Johansen framework allows us to address the question in a formal and more complete way. When this approach is applied to the US data used by HPS, we find that while the P* relationship does indeed represent a cointegrating one, it does not have a causal link with prices but rather the causality runs from prices to money - this result conforms well to the work of Hendry and Ericsson (1990) or Hall, Henry and Wilcox (1990), which use this form of relationship to model the demand for money. 相似文献
We argue in this paper that the P* approach is flawed. It is certainly more complex than traditional monetarist approaches but the fundamental questions of causality are in no way either affected or resolved. The P* analysis is a variant on more conventional cointegration analysis (Engle and Granger (1987), Johansen (1988), Hall (1989)) and we argue that the Johansen framework allows us to address the question in a formal and more complete way. When this approach is applied to the US data used by HPS, we find that while the P* relationship does indeed represent a cointegrating one, it does not have a causal link with prices but rather the causality runs from prices to money - this result conforms well to the work of Hendry and Ericsson (1990) or Hall, Henry and Wilcox (1990), which use this form of relationship to model the demand for money. 相似文献
103.
Jayatilleke S. Bandara 《Journal of economic surveys》1991,5(1):3-69
Abstract. The use of CGE models has gained much popularity among policy analysts in LDCs and there is a fast growing body of literature on this area of economics. In this survey, the advantages of general equilibrium approach over partial equilibrium approach in analysing a wide range of policy issues are highlighted. The evolution of CGE modelling is discussed and more than 60 CGE applications related to different policy issues in LDCs are surveyed. This comprehensive survey shows that the CGE models have become quite popular analytical tools among policy analysts in LDCs over the last decade or so. The debate in the economic profession regarding the value and appropriateness of using CGE models for policy analysis is examined in the final section of this paper. Some of the criticisms levelled at CGE models are discussed and it is argued that despite this criticism such models are capable of providing insight into important policy problems. 相似文献
104.
DAVID NEUMARK 《劳资关系》1993,32(2):204-222
This paper explores the hypothesis that the declining strength of labor unions underlies the moderation of labor cost inflation in the 1980s, which is not explained by standard Phillips curve equations. Data on union density, union certification and decertification election results, and work stoppages are used as proxies for union strength. No support is found for the declining union strength hypothesis at either the aggregate level (using economywide or union-sector labor cost series) or the industry level. 相似文献
105.
While conjoint analysis has been applied in a wide variety of different contexts in Marketing, most applications fail to explicitly consider retaliatory reactions from competitors. In this paper, a methodological extension is developed for conjoint analysis by explicitly modeling competition in a game theoretic context. The Nash equilibrium concept is employed to model competitive reactions to produce design, and its implications for reactive product strategies are discussed. The optimal product design problem for each firm is formulated as a nonlinear integer programming problem, which is solved via a specialized branch and bound method combined with a heuristic. In order to compute a Nash equilibrium, a sequential iterative procedure is proposed. The proposed procedure is illustrated under several scenarios of competition using previously published conjoint data.This research has been supported by the Henry Rutgers Research Fellowship, Rutgers University. 相似文献
106.
C S van der Waal 《Development Southern Africa》1994,11(3):429-436
In One destiny: Our common future in Africa the author relates, in popular fashion, a series of incidents which convinced him that the basic difference between black and white in South Africa is cultural deep‐seated and the cause of underdevelopment and conflict He develops a circular argument in which world‐view is taken as the root of perceptions, values and activities. The effects of experience and economic and political factors are given secondary importance. This argument cannot accommodate social change and differentiation, and the author tends to concentrate on perceptions and events which he finds morally unacceptable. He gives an unbalanced assessment and an ethnocentric interpretation of African life. Possible reasons for this type of argument are explored and an alternative which takes its departure from the interaction between experience and perception is offered 相似文献
107.
Five years after the introduction of unified monetary policy in the EMU, some member countries are wondering whether they have ceded too much of their policy-making powers. The fact that National Central Banks no longer carry out sizable expansionary open market or foreign exchange market operations suggests that they face substantially reduced abilities to set economic policy.This paper demonstrates that, in fact, very little power has been yielded: on the fiscal front, the force of such policy initiatives is enhanced by the fixity of the exchange rate. On the monetary front, we show that there is an observational equivalence between all Central Bank actions under fixed exchange rates. This implies that the authorities retain the same amount of policy flexibility as before. So long as they use an alternative form of policy initiative, carrying out what previously would have been characterized as sterilized foreign exchange market operations, their ability to influence the macro performance of their economy is undiminished. 相似文献
108.
The paper hypothesizes that diversification by firms based in the pharmaceutical industry during the 1977-86 time period was primarily undertaken to reduce the risks associated with being dependent upon a technologically dynamic environment. Consistent with this non-efficiency motive for diversification, declining economic performance is predicted. A longitudinal empirical analysis provides support for these propositions. 相似文献
109.
Swamy P.A.V.B. Tavlas George S. Lutton Thomas J. 《Journal of Productivity Analysis》2003,20(1):97-114
This paper introduces a simple, yet rich, measure of efficiency changes based on the revenue-generating-ability (RGA) principle. Using this principle, we explain the connections between efficiency changes and the variables, such as pretax profits, interest expense, non-interest expense, profit margins, loan loss provision, and asset quality. These connections are used to explain earnings differences between small and large commercial banks. 相似文献
110.
We re‐examine the benefits of using a broader set of research methods to address key questions associated with the resource‐based view (RBV) of the firm. In responding to Levitas and Chi, we consider how research inside organizations can complement and augment research relying on secondary data. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献