协同学在多级库存系统分析中的应用初探

讨论了协同学的基本概念;特别讨论了绝热消去方法(伺服原理)在协同学方法论中的作用、地位和意义;并运用协同学处理问题的一般步骤分析了多级库存系统,得到了序参量方程和势函数。     

再论网络经济对传统经济理论的挑战

文章从五个方面论述了网络经济与传统经济理论所不同的经济规律,分析了网络经济与传统经济理论的逻辑关系,提出应该建立专门研究网络经济的网络经济学的观点。     

基于工序的油藏经营工资制度简析

文章分析了现代油藏经营管理、现行工资制度的特点,探索基于工序的油藏经营工资制度,即基于工序的定额工资制度,以期逐步完善现有的油藏经营工资制度,更有效的激励员工,实现油藏效益与个人收益的紧密联系及最大化。     

Different Problem,Same Solution: Contract‐Specialization in Venture Capital

Real‐world financial contracts vary greatly in the combinations of cash flow contingency terms and control rights used. Extant theoretical work explains such variation by arguing that each investor finely tailors contracts to mitigate investment‐specific incentive problems. We provide overwhelming evidence from 4,561 venture capital (VC) contracts that this tailoring is overstated: even though there is broad variation in contracting across VCs, each individual VC tends to specialize, recycling familiar terms. In fact, a VC typically restricts contracting choices to a small set of alternatives: 46% of the time, a VC uses the same exact cash flow contingencies as in one of her previous five contracts. We document specialization in both aggregated downside protection, and in each individual cash flow contingency term. Such specialization remains economically and statistically significant even after controlling for VC and company characteristics. We also find that VCs learn to use new contractual solutions from other VCs in her syndication network. Our findings challenge the traditional premise that each investor selects from the universe of combinations of terms to match an investment's unique contracting problem. Rather, the cumulative evidence indicates that contract‐specialization arises because investors better understand payoff consequences of familiar terms, and are reluctant to experiment with unknown combinations.     

中铁快运北京分公司配送网络优化研究

随着社会经济的发展,货物运输呈现几大趋势,其中包括货物运输的物流化。而物流作业(装卸搬运、储存、运输、包装、流通、加工、信息处理等)的很大部分都是在物流节点上完成的,所以,配送中心的选址是否合理直接影响配送中心各项经济活动的成本,同时也关系到企业的长久发展。针对中铁快运公司的具体实例,提出可行的网络优化设计方案,为中铁快运的决策提供支持。     

基于SE-DEA模型的广东城市物流效率评价分析

结合城市物流系统的特点,以民用汽车拥有量、通车里程和物流业从业人数为投入指标、地区生产总值和货物周转量为产出指标构建了城市物流效率评价指标体系,运用SE-DEA评价模型,以广东省21个主要城市为研究对象,对各城市物流系统的技术效率、纯技术效率、规模效率、超效率进行了对比分析,并提出了物流效率值相对较低的城市物流系统建设与改进建议。     

Non-convexities and the gains from concealing defenses from committed terrorists

How should countries defend against committed terrorists who attack until defeated? We identify a fundamental non-convexity—one only needs to defeat the terrorist once. Consequently, provided a country values targets similarly, it should conceal defenses and allocate defense resources randomly.     

Quantitative growth effects of subsidies in a search theoretic R&D model

Should government subsidize R&D and does it matter how these subsidies are allocated? We examine these questions in a dynamic model where R&D is described as sequential sampling from a distribution of new ideas. Successful discoveries affect future available resources and incentives for further R&D. Consequently, there may be under-investment in R&D. We study the effect of government interventions aimed at fostering growth through R&D. Calibrating the model with aggregate data from the Israeli business sector allows us to quantitatively compare two forms of support resembling those actually used to encourage R&D in the Israeli business sector: (i) an unrestricted subsidy that may be used at the recipients' discretion to finance R&D or other investments, (ii) a subsidy earmarked by the government for R&D activities only. While there is no theoretical way to determine which of the two subsidies will have a greater impact on search for new ideas and growth, we find that in the calibrated economy both subsidies have a significant but similar impact on the economy's output and TFP growth rates. Accordingly, in the case of the Israeli business sector, the incentives to conduct R&D were sufficiently strong, and no R&D-specific encouragement was needed. However, a sensitivity analysis reveals that for economies characterized by other parameter values this result may not be true. Correspondence to: B. Bental     

人民币升值与中国国际贸易顺差的相关性分析

近年来,中国国际贸易呈现出显著的顺差趋势,这引起了国际贸易逆差国对人民币汇率的指责:人民币汇率低估导致其廉价的出口商品占据他国市场.事实上,一国的客观经济基础决定了其汇率对国际贸易的影响.而人民币汇率是由客观经济基础自发形成的,不存在任何形式的操纵.选取2005-2009年的宏观经济数据,针对人民币升值与国际贸易顺差的相关性进行了深入分析,并对如何改善国际贸易格局提出了相关的政策性建议.