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951.
For the last half century, trade theorists, development economists, and development practitioners have been calculating what was claimed to be the shadow price of scarce foreign exchange. In fact, what they have been calculating is the social value of the receipt of a unit of a numeraire good from abroad, typically obtained from real models. In our paper, we explicitly deal with a model of a monetized economy, and we develop formulas for the social value of a unit of foreign currency, which, in general, differ from the traditional formulas. 相似文献
952.
Online labor markets have great potential as platforms for conducting experiments. They provide immediate access to a large
and diverse subject pool, and allow researchers to control the experimental context. Online experiments, we show, can be just
as valid—both internally and externally—as laboratory and field experiments, while often requiring far less money and time
to design and conduct. To demonstrate their value, we use an online labor market to replicate three classic experiments. The
first finds quantitative agreement between levels of cooperation in a prisoner’s dilemma played online and in the physical
laboratory. The second shows—consistent with behavior in the traditional laboratory—that online subjects respond to priming
by altering their choices. The third demonstrates that when an identical decision is framed differently, individuals reverse
their choice, thus replicating a famed Tversky-Kahneman result. Then we conduct a field experiment showing that workers have
upward-sloping labor supply curves. Finally, we analyze the challenges to online experiments, proposing methods to cope with
the unique threats to validity in an online setting, and examining the conceptual issues surrounding the external validity
of online results. We conclude by presenting our views on the potential role that online experiments can play within the social
sciences, and then recommend software development priorities and best practices. 相似文献
953.
Robert?StewartEmail author Karen?Hill Jessa?Stewart David?Bimler John?Kirkland 《Quality and Quantity》2005,39(6):687-709
The underlying “architecture of the decision to pursue a degree in psychology was quantified using the Method of Sorting technique
to identifying the critical issues necessary to make this choice. Multidimentsional scaling procedures were employed to construct
a three-dimensional map representing the relationships between reasons for selecting psychology as a major. Freshman and senior
psychology majors (N = 165) from a regional university and a large research-based institution rated the relative importance of items in their
decision-making process. Hierarchical clustering procedures revealed seven different groups of students. Although significant
differences associated with class standing were not found, institutional affiliation did influence cluster composition. Reflecting
local emphases, students at the regional institution had a greater interest in Counseling Psychology, whereas those at the
research-based school focused on Clinical Psychology. This semantic map and the associated item clusters arising from psychology
student data provides an empirical basis for, amongst other things, course selection, faculty-initiated program design or
revision, strategic niche marketing, and student retention. 相似文献
954.
Edmund H. Mantell 《Journal of Economics and Finance》2005,29(2):221-241
This paper focuses on the question of how rivals’ rent-seeking expenditures and investment expenditures are affected by the
temporal dimension of those cash flows as well as the timing of the cash flow of monopoly rents. The paper applies methods
from statistical reliability theory to derive five propositions establishing the conditions that must be satisfied if the
rivals apportion their rent seeking and investment expenditures to maximize their certainty equivalents of the monopoly rent.
The propositions explicate the responses of the rivals to changes in economic parameters characterizing the rent-seeking contest
such as a change in the duration of the monopoly rent cash flow or a change in the number of rivals. 相似文献
955.
Sample design and sample allocation methods are developed for random digit dialling in household telephone surveys. The proposed method is based on a two-way stratification of telephone numbers. A weighted probability proportional to size sample allocation technique is used, with auxiliary variables about the telephone coverage rates, within local telephone exchanges of each substrata. This makes the sampling design nearly “self-weighting” in residential numbers when the prior information is well assigned. A computer program generates random numbers for the local areas within the existing phone capacities. A simulation study has shown greater sample allocation gain by the weighted probabilities proportional to size measures over other sample allocation methods. The amount of dialling required to obtain the sample is less than for proportional allocation. A decrease is also observed on the gain in sample allocation for some methods through the increasing sample sizes. 相似文献
956.
Carl Pacini William Hillison David Marlett Deanna Burgess 《Journal of Economics and Finance》2005,29(1):46-72
Recent deregulation of financial services by the Financial Services Modernization Act of 1999, also known as the Gramm-Leach-Bliley
Act (GLB), places more reliance on corporate governance to oversee the actions of financial institutions. We examine whether
corporate governance variables explain bank shareholder reaction to GLB passage. We find that banks with better board oversight
react favorably to the GLB and banks with less effective board monitoring react less favorably to the GLB. Banks with lower
leverage, lower insider ownership, less board activity, a smaller board, fewer inside directors, and less visibility respond
more positively to the GLB. Results indicate investor approval of the legislative effort to increase the role of corporate
governance in the banking industry and affirm the importance of effective corporate oversight among financial institutions.
The authors thank the reviewers for their insights and suggestions. 相似文献
957.
958.
Subjects update prior information simultaneously versus sequentially. The mean prediction is remarkably close to the correct Bayesian estimate with simultaneous information, but differs significantly conditional on whether good news precedes bad news or vice versa. 相似文献
959.
David Rodríguez 《Spanish Economic Review》2006,8(4):255-270
This work complements some of the results appearing in the article “Publishing Performance in Economics: Spanish Rankings” by Dolado et al. (Span Econ Rev 5: 80–103, 2003) Specifically we focus on the robustness of the results regardless of the time span considered, the effect of the choice of a particular database on the final results, and the effects on changes in the unit of institutional measure (departments vs. institutions as a whole). Differences are significant when we expand the time period considered. There are also significant but small differences if we combine datasets to derive the rankings. Finally, department rankings offer a more precise picture of the situation of the Spanish academics, although results do not differ substantially from those obtained when overall institutions are considered. 相似文献
960.
We consider the consequences of a scientific literature with only one model of an important phenomenon. The falsification
of the model would mean falsification of the science. Scientists who would prefer not to have their discipline falsified will
be tempted to find ad hoc explanations to excuse the failure. To test this hypothesis we propose a study of the economic forecasts
of the comparative Soviet and American growth rates in the years before a public choice model of central planning was a viable
alternative to the public interest model.
JEL Code A11, B23
Earlier versions of the paper were presented at the University of Manitoba Economics Department Retreat in October 2005 and
at the Center for Study of Public Choice Wednesday Seminar in November 2005. We thank the participants for their suggestions.
All the remaining errors are our responsibility. 相似文献