Efficiency wages and union-firm bargaining with private information

We consider efficiency wage effects in a union-firm bargaining model with private information. We show that an increase in the efficiency wage effects does not necessarily increase the wage level at equilibrium, even when the wage bargaining with private information is close to one with complete information. However, if it is commonly known that the firm is stronger than the union and the demand is sufficiently elastic, then an increase in the efficiency wage effects increases for sure the wage at equilibrium.JEL Classification: J41, J50, J52We thank Juan Dolado and two anonymous referees for valuable comments. Vincent Vannetelbosch is Chercheur Qualifié at the Fonds National de la Recherche Scientifique. The research of Ana Mauleon has been made possible by a fellowship of the Fonds Européen du Développement Economique Régional (FEDER). Financial support from the Belgian French Communitys program Action de Recherches Concertée 99/04-235 (IRES, Université catholique de Louvain) is gratefully acknowledged.     

我国财政对社会救助支出的实证研究

文章旨在通过财政对社会救济资金保障程度的回归分析,说明我国在市场化进程中随着公共财政框架的建立,财政性资金逐步成为社会救助的主要资金来源渠道,提供了强有力的保证。     

CEO的金融背景会提高企业全要素生产率吗?

作为最重要的人力资源之一，CEO的个人特点对企业全要素生产率具有重要影响。我们采用2008-2017年间全部A股上市公司作研究样本，结果发现：金融背景的CEO具有更冒险的行事风格，更熟悉金融领域操作规范，能够帮助企业提高创新水平和投资效率，从而提高企业全要素生产率，并且在采用DID控制内生性后依然显著。进一步地，CEO的这种影响在更能够发挥CEO个人影响力的低盈利企业和非“北上广深”地区企业更显著。本文的结论佐证了“高层梯队理论”和“烙印理论”中CEO个人特点能够对企业生产经营产生影响的结论，同时，为今后企业是否聘任金融背景的CEO提供新的思考，金融背景的CEO虽然具有更冒险的行事风格，为企业带了一定风险，但也能够在提高企业生产率水平中发挥一定作用。     

基于能值分析的江苏生态经济系统发展态势及持续发展对策

能值分析方法可同时定量研究生态经济系统中环境资源与经济活动的真实价值，因而对合理评估区域经济发展水平、制订正确的社会经济发展对策具有十分重要的意义。文章运用能值分析方法对江苏生态经济系统的发展现状及近20年来的发展态势进行了定量分析，并提出实现江苏生态经济系统持续发展的对策建议。     

Analysis of Visitor Decision Making System When Visiting Natural Recreation Sites by Multinomial Logit Model

Multinomial Logit Model has analyzed the relationship between the frequency of visits to recreation areas and the motivational factors affecting the visits. Kastro Environment Preserving Site that is located in the Black Sea coast of Marmara region in Turkey, has been chosen as the site for this study. Kastro bay is a natural park that is visited only for recreational visits. The study has been conducted on a photogenic study group due to the proximity factor of Kastro bay close to Istanbul. Kastro bay is a popular recreational park due to its characteristic advantages such as a 200 m wide and approximately 2.5 km long beach and with its high quality vegetation. The vegetation type includes ash tree, oak tree, black pine, sand lily etc. Kastro bay is also the site for the Mediterranean seals (Monachus-monachus) which are at the level of extinction. Approximately 50,000 visitors visit the region during the months of July and August. It has been concluded that there is high direct correlation between the frequency of visits and the motivational factors. It has been determined that the visits are mostly based on the sea and the ecological tourism.Jel: O13, Q20, Q26, Q51, Q56, Q57     

Government Consumption and Industrial Productivity: Scale and Compositional Effects

Within a production function framework in which government spending produces public goods which enter firms production functions, empirical tests using time series data spanning eleven countries and thirty industries find both the scale and the composition of government consumption spending to affect the level and the rate of growth of total factor productivity at the industry level.Jel Classification: H50, D24     

The Case of the Missing Pollution Haven Hypothesis

One particularly vexing puzzle for economists and policymakers over the past several decades concerns the empirical significance of the theoretically predicted pollution haven hypothesis. While neoclassical theory and conventional wisdom both surmise that local economies will suffer deleterious effects from stricter environmental regulations, empirical studies have largely failed to validate such claims. This study utilizes the method of matching to show that the impact of stricter regulation is heterogeneous spatially, varying systematically based on location-specific attributes. Previous studies that assume a homogenous response may therefore inadvertently mask the overall impact of more stringent regulations by pooling unaffected and affected regions.JEL Classification: Q25, Q28, H00, L51, R1The authors wish to thank to Michael Crew, Anthony Heyes, an anonymous referee, Werner Antweiler, Randy Becker, Wayne Gray, Shelby Gerking, Michael Greenstone, Vern Henderson, and Arik Levinson. Participants at various university seminars and conferences also lent useful insights to this line of research.     

Volatility in the knowledge economy

Summary. We seek to explain the economic volatility of the last 6 years, in particular the rapid expansion and contraction of the knowledge sectors. Our hypothesis is that these sectors amplify the business cycle due to their increasing returns to scale, growing faster than others in an upswing and contracting faster in a downswing. To test this hypothesis we postulate a general equilibrium model with two sectors: one with increasing returns that are external to the firm and endogenously determined - the knowledge sector - and the other with constant returns to scale. We introduce a new measure of volatility of output, a real beta, and derive a resolving equation, from which we prove that the increasing return sectors exhibit more volatility then other sectors. We validate the main results on US macro economic data of real GDP by industry (2-3 digits SIC codes) of the 1977-2001 period, and provide policy conclusions.Received: 18 March 2002, Revised: 16 February 2004, JEL Classification Numbers: D5, D58, E10, L50, L52, O38, O51.Correspondence to: Graciela Chichilnisky     

阴山北麓农牧交错带观光农业资源优势与开发构想--以武川为例

随着经济的发展,在人们生活条件改善和物质水平提高的同时,城乡居民对高质量的生存环境和丰富的业余生活提出了强烈要求,观光农业作为一种全新的旅游方式受到了人们的青睐。内蒙古武川县属阴山北麓农牧交错带,县境内以缓坡丘陵为主,结合当地的带状种植,形成优美的田园风光,且地理条件优越,具有很大的旅游潜力。本文从武川县发展观光农业旅游的意义、区位、资源及政府扶持等优势出发,分析了在武川县建立观光农业园区的可行性,并提出建立田园景观观光区、采摘区、高新技术农业园区和人文历史名胜旅游区的开发构想和建议。     

从比较优势到知识产权优势为主导的竞争优势——论我国外贸发展的战略转变

内容改革开放以来,我国按照比较优势理论发展对外贸易,对外贸易得到了迅速的发展。目前,我国已成为世界上第三大对外贸易国。但是,近年来我国对外贸易的环境正在不断恶化。为了最大限度地获取贸易发展带来的利益,防止陷入“比较优势陷阱”,我国必须及时调整对外贸易战略,将比较优势转化为竞争优势。而这种转化是否成功,关键取决于我国能否建立起自主的知识产权优势。