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Horst Braunwarth/Dirk Meyer 《Heilberufe》2009,61(12):41-43
Wundumgebung und Wundauflagen - Die wundumgebende Haut, sofern sie intakt
ist, hat eigentlich keinen direkten Einfluss auf die Wundheilung, da aber die Wundauflagen
oder der Sekund?rverband auf der wundumgebenden Haut fixiert wird, ist die
Beurteilung und Schutz dieser Hautareale für die Wundheilung von Bedeutung. 相似文献
24.
This article examines why an organization might wish to manage workplace romance, and describes a number of alternative approaches
to managing dating. At first sight the ethics of dating bans balances the need to protect female employees from harassment
against employee rights to privacy and freedom of association – a rights versus rights issue. However, dating bans seem not
to be directed at protecting female employees from harm, but rather protect employers from sexual harassment liability claims
– an employer self-interest versus employee rights issue. This article advocates a consequentialist approach to the problem,
via the factoring in of other harms caused by prohibiting workplace romance. Given that most workplace romances end up in
marriage or long-term partnerships, a ban on workplace romance is argued to be antisocial. The incidence of sexual harassment
is very low in comparison to the number of long-term relationships initiated in the workplace. This article concludes by citing
examples of firms that encourage romance, showing that is feasible to manage any resulting problems within these firms’ existing
conflict of interest and sexual harassment rules. 相似文献
25.
Varying institutional environments provide the foundation for a great deal of international business (IB) research yet relatively little empirical work has examined the association between institutional factors and new business development in emerging economies, although the importance of new business development for economic transition and growth is widely acknowledged. Drawing from social network and institutional theories, we address this gap by examining the effect of associational activity on the level of new business activity in emerging economies, and testing the thesis that associational activity becomes more instrumental for new business creation when aspiring entrepreneurs confront higher institutional burdens (i.e., obstacles derived from underdeveloped or absent institutions). On the basis of data from two cross-national research projects—the Global Entrepreneurship Monitor and the World Values Survey—we find a positive relationship between a country's associational activity and new business activity; this relationship is stronger for higher regulatory and normative institutional burdens and lower cognitive institutional burdens. This study is among the first to examine empirically the possible substitution effect between social ties and institutions to predict new business activity; it paints a nuanced picture of how social networks might be more instrumental in contexts characterized by weak institutions. We discuss the implications of these findings for IB theory and practice and offer directions for further research in the area. 相似文献
26.
Dirk Tomsa 《Bulletin of Indonesian Economic Studies》2010,46(3):309-328
In the first year after President Yudhoyono's re-election, Indonesian politics continued to evolve in largely familiar patterns. Contrary to the expectations of some observers, Yudhoyono's strong popular mandate and his Democratic Party's newly won parliamentary plurality did not result in significant changes to the president's cautious style of governing or the fickle nature of president–parliament relations. Most political parties also opted for continuity over change, electing or re-electing established figures as leaders despite high levels of public dissatisfaction with their performance. The fact that the 2009 election failed to generate any new momentum for reform does not augur well for the remainder of Yudhoyono's second term. Although the basic parameters of Indonesia's democracy remain intact, political developments during 2010 have also confirmed a pattern of stagnation that is likely to see Indonesia barely muddle through as a reasonably stable yet low-quality democracy. 相似文献
27.
Japan is recognised as a major competitor in world markets but is less well‐known as an attractive market in its own right. This paper proposes that with the right strategies it is possible to successfully penetrate the difficult Japanese market. Problems and opportunities presented by the market are discussed, and some of the findings of a survey of Japanese and German managers in Japan and German‐based managers are reviewed. The paper covers the survey findings on market characteristics, barriers to entry, information requirements, factors contributing to success and methods of market entry. German and UK sources of information and advice on the Japanese market are given for those interested in pursuing the matter further. 相似文献
28.
Dirk J. Wolfson 《De Economist》1979,127(3):446-458
Summary The book under review combines a brief survey of the state of the art in income distribution theory, based primarily on the
earlier contributions of the authors, with a wealth of information on the reduction (by about 50 percent) of income inequality
in the Netherlands over the last 40 years. Furthermore, progress is charted towards a further reduction of inequality between
now and 1990. This review argues that labour income is not just determined by (the demand for) technology and (the supply
of) education, but also by the bias towards the demand for skilled labour that seems to result from the expansion of public
expenditure. It is recommended that this expenditure incidence on the primary distribution of income be further explored in
future research programmes, as it is likely to slow down further progress towards equality. 相似文献
29.
Protecting Innovation Through Patents and Trade Secrets: Evidence for Firms with a Single Innovation
Dirk Crass Francisco Garcia Valero Francesco Pitton 《International Journal of the Economics of Business》2019,26(1):117-156
AbstractThis paper analyzes the use and effectiveness of patents and trade secrets designed to protect innovation. While previous studies have usually considered patents and trade secrets as substitutes for one another, we investigate to what extent and in what situations the two protection methods are used jointly. We identify protection strategies for single innovation firms and hence overcome the assignment problem of existing empirical studies, that is, whether firms using both protection methods do so for the same innovation or for different innovations. Employing firm panel data from Germany, we find fairly few differences between the determinants for choosing secrecy and patenting. Single innovators that combine both strategies, 39% of the group, tend to aim at a higher level of innovation and act in a more uncertain technological environment. Firms combining both protection methods yield significantly higher sales with new-to-market innovations, providing some evidence for a complementarity of the two protection methods. 相似文献
30.
AbstractMost marketing practitioners and scholars agree that marketing assets such as brand equity significantly contribute to a firm’s financial performance. In this paper, we model brand equity as an unobservable stock that results from up to 30 years of past brand-related investment flows. Using firm-specific trademarks as investment proxies, our results show a significant long-run impact on financial performance. The dynamic profile of brand-related investments has an inverted-U shape that reaches its peak after 11 years. On average, it takes four years before brand-related investments show a positive return, and investments older than 19 years show no significant impact. For the median trademarking firm, brand equity contributes €265,000 to annual profits. 相似文献